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Neuro Final > Spinal Cord Anatomy and Organization > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Anatomy and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord length

A

foramen magnum to L2

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2
Q

general function of spinal cord

A

sensory processory-primary afferents enter spinal cord-local - for simple reflexes (w/in level and side)-ascending tracts

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3
Q

motor neurons

A

efferentsLMN’s - cell bodies in ventral horn

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4
Q

axons for motor neurons

A

go to periphery

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5
Q

ventral horn cells

A

location of lower motor neurons”final common pathway

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6
Q

descending tracts

A

axons of upper motor neuronsfrom brainstem and cerebral cortex

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7
Q

segmentation of spinal cord

A

based on vertebrae8 cervical12 thoracic5 lumbar5 sacral1-3 coccygeal

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8
Q

conus medullaris

A

around L2end of spinal cord

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9
Q

each segment of spinal cord

A

gives rise to pair of spinal nerve-each has axons of dorsal root and anterior root

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10
Q

spinal cord segment = ?

A

gives rise to 1 pair of spinal nerves

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11
Q

dorsal root

A

has dorsal root ganglion

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12
Q

each segment ?

A

innervates a dermatome

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13
Q

2 enlargements of spinal cord

A

due to increased number of neurons-associated with limbscervical enlargement - brachial plexuslumbar enlargement - lumbosacral plexus

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14
Q

cervical enlargement

A

brachial plexus

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15
Q

lumbar enlargement

A

lumbosacral plexus

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16
Q

gray matter

A

inner - butterfly shape-has cell bodies

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17
Q

white matter

A

outerhas cell processes (myelin)

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18
Q

clinical orientation

A

looking up from feet as patient lies on back

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19
Q

blood supply to spinal cord

A

differences will lead to different lesions depending on location of occlusion

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20
Q

sacral cross section

A

roundmostly grayvery little white

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21
Q

lumbosacral enlargement cross section

A

enlarged ventral horns - motor to lower limbround shapelittle white matter

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22
Q

thoracic cross section

A

very little gray matter - not a lot of musculaturelots of white matter - lots of somatosensationlateral horn - first presencedorsal nucleus of clarke - central portion of gray

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23
Q

lateral horn

A

T1-L2 - preganglionic sympathetic cell bodiesaka IMLCC

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24
Q

dorsal nucleus of clarke

A

center of gray matter - thoracic cross sectionproprioception to cerebellum

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25
cervical enlargement cross section
oval shapeenlarged dorsal and ventral hornslots of white matter
26
flexors
more posterior in ventral horn
27
extensors
more anterior in ventral horn
28
proximal muscles
more medial in ventral horn
29
distal muscles
more lateral in ventral horn
30
three general types of white matter in SC?
long ascendinglong descendingpropriospinal (short)
31
long ascending tracts
thalamuscerebellumbrainstem
32
long descending tracts
upper motor neurons - to lower motor neuronsfrom cortex from brainstem
33
propriospinal fibers
short - within spinal cord-connect different cord levelscoordinate reflexes
34
posterior funiculus below T6
below T6 - known as fasciculus gracilussomatosensation from lower limb
35
fasciculus gracilus
posterior funiculus caudal to T6somatosensation from lower limb
36
posterior funiculus above T6
fasciculus gracilusand also fasciculus cuneatus
37
fasciculus cuneatus
posterior funicullus above T6primary afferentssomatosensation from upper limb
38
anterolateral system
anterior and lateral funiculus-somatosensory fiber tracts-ascending secondary, tertiary, quarternary neurons-carrying axons from contralateral side**
39
spinocerebellar tracts
somatosensation to cerebellum (not conscious)up lateral funiculus -ascending secondary and third order neurons
40
corticospinal tracts
descending tractlateral funiculusdescending upper motor neuronsfinal synapse - ventral horns - to LMNs
41
spinal cord reflexes
motor event driven by sensory stimulusex/ withdraw, pupil constrictionlocal - can operate without UMN input (from cerebrum)program pattern generators
42
reflex arc
1 receptor2 afferent neuron3 interneurons (s)4 efferent neuron5 target organ
43
local circuits
can still operate with lesion in spinal cord above or below
44
brainstem
continuation of the spinal cordperforms spinal cord like functions for head-gives rise to cranial nerves-initial processing for sensory from head-LMNs for muscles of headvital reflexesrelay for all info
45
conduit functions of brainstem
ascending tracts to thalamus and cerebellumdescending tracts to SCmany relay nuclei in brainstem
46
cranial nerve functions of brainstem
afferent and efferent infospecial sensation
47
integrative functions of brainstem
complex motor patterns (chewing, swallowing)cardiovascular and respiratory functions
48
rostral medulla
open fourth ventricle
49
caudal medulla
closed fourth ventricle (central canal)
50
pyramidal decussation
level of inferior edge of medulla-outcropping of cells - location of crossing of corticospinal tract fibers
51
pyramids
left and right on medulla-location of corticopsinal fibers-UMNs - to voluntary movement
52
olives
laterally on medulla
53
pre and post olivarry sulcus
on medulla aorund olives
54
pons division
basal ponstegmentum
55
basal pons
does NOT connect two hemispheres
56
cerebellar peduncles
fibers from pons to cerebellumsuperiormiddleinferior
57
midbrain
cerebral peduncles-fiber bundles from cerebral cortexcolliculi
58
colliculi
two superiortwo inferior
59
cranial nerve 4
right below the inferior colliculi
60
brainstem
tectumtegmentum
61
tegmentum
reticular formation - nuclei throughout brainstemcranial nerve nuclei (LMNs)tracts (ascending and descending)
62
substantia nigra
makes it easy to pick out midbrain-dopaminergic cell bodies

Neuro Final (20 decks)

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