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Neuro Final > Spinal Cord Anatomy and Organization > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Anatomy and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord length

A

foramen magnum to L2

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2
Q

general function of spinal cord

A

sensory processory-primary afferents enter spinal cord-local - for simple reflexes (w/in level and side)-ascending tracts

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3
Q

motor neurons

A

efferentsLMN’s - cell bodies in ventral horn

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4
Q

axons for motor neurons

A

go to periphery

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5
Q

ventral horn cells

A

location of lower motor neurons”final common pathway

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6
Q

descending tracts

A

axons of upper motor neuronsfrom brainstem and cerebral cortex

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7
Q

segmentation of spinal cord

A

based on vertebrae8 cervical12 thoracic5 lumbar5 sacral1-3 coccygeal

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8
Q

conus medullaris

A

around L2end of spinal cord

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9
Q

each segment of spinal cord

A

gives rise to pair of spinal nerve-each has axons of dorsal root and anterior root

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10
Q

spinal cord segment = ?

A

gives rise to 1 pair of spinal nerves

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11
Q

dorsal root

A

has dorsal root ganglion

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12
Q

each segment ?

A

innervates a dermatome

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13
Q

2 enlargements of spinal cord

A

due to increased number of neurons-associated with limbscervical enlargement - brachial plexuslumbar enlargement - lumbosacral plexus

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14
Q

cervical enlargement

A

brachial plexus

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15
Q

lumbar enlargement

A

lumbosacral plexus

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16
Q

gray matter

A

inner - butterfly shape-has cell bodies

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17
Q

white matter

A

outerhas cell processes (myelin)

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18
Q

clinical orientation

A

looking up from feet as patient lies on back

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19
Q

blood supply to spinal cord

A

differences will lead to different lesions depending on location of occlusion

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20
Q

sacral cross section

A

roundmostly grayvery little white

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21
Q

lumbosacral enlargement cross section

A

enlarged ventral horns - motor to lower limbround shapelittle white matter

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22
Q

thoracic cross section

A

very little gray matter - not a lot of musculaturelots of white matter - lots of somatosensationlateral horn - first presencedorsal nucleus of clarke - central portion of gray

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23
Q

lateral horn

A

T1-L2 - preganglionic sympathetic cell bodiesaka IMLCC

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24
Q

dorsal nucleus of clarke

A

center of gray matter - thoracic cross sectionproprioception to cerebellum

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25
Q

cervical enlargement cross section

A

oval shapeenlarged dorsal and ventral hornslots of white matter

26
Q

flexors

A

more posterior in ventral horn

27
Q

extensors

A

more anterior in ventral horn

28
Q

proximal muscles

A

more medial in ventral horn

29
Q

distal muscles

A

more lateral in ventral horn

30
Q

three general types of white matter in SC?

A

long ascendinglong descendingpropriospinal (short)

31
Q

long ascending tracts

A

thalamuscerebellumbrainstem

32
Q

long descending tracts

A

upper motor neurons - to lower motor neuronsfrom cortex from brainstem

33
Q

propriospinal fibers

A

short - within spinal cord-connect different cord levelscoordinate reflexes

34
Q

posterior funiculus below T6

A

below T6 - known as fasciculus gracilussomatosensation from lower limb

35
Q

fasciculus gracilus

A

posterior funiculus caudal to T6somatosensation from lower limb

36
Q

posterior funiculus above T6

A

fasciculus gracilusand also fasciculus cuneatus

37
Q

fasciculus cuneatus

A

posterior funicullus above T6primary afferentssomatosensation from upper limb

38
Q

anterolateral system

A

anterior and lateral funiculus-somatosensory fiber tracts-ascending secondary, tertiary, quarternary neurons-carrying axons from contralateral side**

39
Q

spinocerebellar tracts

A

somatosensation to cerebellum (not conscious)up lateral funiculus -ascending secondary and third order neurons

40
Q

corticospinal tracts

A

descending tractlateral funiculusdescending upper motor neuronsfinal synapse - ventral horns - to LMNs

41
Q

spinal cord reflexes

A

motor event driven by sensory stimulusex/ withdraw, pupil constrictionlocal - can operate without UMN input (from cerebrum)program pattern generators

42
Q

reflex arc

A

1 receptor2 afferent neuron3 interneurons (s)4 efferent neuron5 target organ

43
Q

local circuits

A

can still operate with lesion in spinal cord above or below

44
Q

brainstem

A

continuation of the spinal cordperforms spinal cord like functions for head-gives rise to cranial nerves-initial processing for sensory from head-LMNs for muscles of headvital reflexesrelay for all info

45
Q

conduit functions of brainstem

A

ascending tracts to thalamus and cerebellumdescending tracts to SCmany relay nuclei in brainstem

46
Q

cranial nerve functions of brainstem

A

afferent and efferent infospecial sensation

47
Q

integrative functions of brainstem

A

complex motor patterns (chewing, swallowing)cardiovascular and respiratory functions

48
Q

rostral medulla

A

open fourth ventricle

49
Q

caudal medulla

A

closed fourth ventricle (central canal)

50
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

level of inferior edge of medulla-outcropping of cells - location of crossing of corticospinal tract fibers

51
Q

pyramids

A

left and right on medulla-location of corticopsinal fibers-UMNs - to voluntary movement

52
Q

olives

A

laterally on medulla

53
Q

pre and post olivarry sulcus

A

on medulla aorund olives

54
Q

pons division

A

basal ponstegmentum

55
Q

basal pons

A

does NOT connect two hemispheres

56
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

fibers from pons to cerebellumsuperiormiddleinferior

57
Q

midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles-fiber bundles from cerebral cortexcolliculi

58
Q

colliculi

A

two superiortwo inferior

59
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

right below the inferior colliculi

60
Q

brainstem

A

tectumtegmentum

61
Q

tegmentum

A

reticular formation - nuclei throughout brainstemcranial nerve nuclei (LMNs)tracts (ascending and descending)

62
Q

substantia nigra

A

makes it easy to pick out midbrain-dopaminergic cell bodies

Neuro Final (20 decks)

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