Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
insula
part of frontal lobe
brodmanns areas
based on cytoarchitecture
broadmans area 3, 1, 2
primary somatosensory cortex
brocas area
in left hemisphere frontal lobe
language production
wernickes area
in left hemisphere parietal lobe
language comprehension
hippocampus
temporal lobe
memory formation
occipital lobe
vision
primary visual cortex
BA 17
meaning of sensory input
multimodal association area
aware of sensory input
modality specific assocation area
prefrontal cortex
motivation
premotor and supplementary motor cortices
motor plan
-put action into an order
primary motor cortex
carry out action
left hemisphere
dominant
-language
right hemisphere
non-dominant
emotion/linguistic content of language
prosody
rhythmic or musical aspect of speech
-in right cerebral hemisphere
wernickes area location
parts of angular and supramarginal gyrus
BA 22, 40, 39
brocas area
parts of pars triangularis and pars opercularis
BA 44, 45
speech comprehension
wernickes area
speech production
brocas area
aphasia
disturbance in language
-include reading and writing
receptive aphasia
damage to wernickes area
have fluent speech, but don’t make sense
expressive aphasia
damage to brocas area
comprehension okay, but can’t express themselves
often use single words
inferior frontal gyrus
production of prosody
motor aprosodia
posterior temporoparietal region
comprehension of prosody
sensory aprosia
motor aprosodia
inability to convey emotion through voice or gesture
damage to inferior frontal gyrus
sensory aprosodia
inability to comprehend emotional content of speech or gesture
damage to temporoparietal region
right parietal lobe
spatial attention
parietal eye area
monitors eye position and visual objects
damage of right parietal lobe
contralateral neglect
limbs aren’t theirs
-only dress one side body
right PCA or MCA
can cause damage to right parietal lobe area
hemi-neglect
with patient with damage to right parietal lobe
only draw right half of image
-neglect left visual world
praxis
performance of skilled motor task
apraxia
loss of previously learned skill
no incoordination
no comprehension deficit
not associated with motor or sensory deficit
no loss of motivation
disease of left parietal lobe damage
apraxia
cause of apraxia
disease of left parietal lobe or break in connection to frontal cortex
agnosia
lack of knowledge
-lack of meaning/identity
deficit in recognition of well perceived object
prosobagnosia
inability to recognize faces
bilateral occipitotemporal lesions
agnosia
parietal lobe lesion
agnosia
motion bilndness
movement appears frozen
color blindness
occipitotemporal
grey matter
all external
white matter
internal
why vascular superficial
because thats where cell bodies are - grey patter
grey matter
subcortical grey
basal nuclei
diencephalon
fold in grey matter
more surface area
more cell bodies
archicortex
3 layers
-hippocampus
paleocortex
3 + layers
-olfactory cortex
neocortex
6 layers
most neurons in neocortex
pyramidal
glutamatergic
output of cerebral cortex
granule cells
GABAergic
interneurons in cortex
layers of neocortex
1 - molecular 2 - external granular 3 - external pyramidal 4 internal granular 5 internal pyramidal 6 multiform layer
molecular layer
is most superficial
granular layers
receive information
pyramidal layers
send info - projections
motor cortex
lots of pyramidal layers
3 and 5
sensory cortex
lots of granular layers
especially 4
differences in neocortex cell types?
used to map brodmanns areas
white matter
projection, association, commissural fibers
projection fibers
from pyramidal fibers
- form corona radiata
- comes together as internal capsule
corona radiata
forms internal capsule
internal capsule forms
cerebarl peduncles
anterior limb internal capsule
corticopontine fibers
posterior limb internal capsule
somatosensation body and head
motor to body
in genu
corticobulbar
-to brainstem LMN and UMNs in brainstem
association fibers
stay within a hemisphere
connect ipsilateral cortical areas
short - gyri
long - lobes
commisural fibers
cross midline
corpus callosum
anterior commisure
