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Neuro Final > Brainstem and CN III, IV, VI > Flashcards

Brainstem and CN III, IV, VI Flashcards

1
Q

abducens nerve

A

lateral rectus

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2
Q

trochlear nerve

A

superior oblique

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3
Q

oculomotor nerve

A

medial rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique

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4
Q

axons of VII

A

loop around nucleus for CN VI (abducens)

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5
Q

CN VI exits skull

A

superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

CN VI innervates

A

ipsilateral lateral rectus

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7
Q

lesion to abducens

A

ipsilateral loss of lateral rectus

ALSO:
facial motor nuclei has bend around the abducens
-therefore, ipsilateral facial nerve deficits

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8
Q

trochlear nerve

A

axons exit dorsal
**only one doing this

-LMNs decussate**

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9
Q

do trochlear nerve decussate

A

yes

LMN do decussate

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10
Q

trochlear nerve innervation

A

contralateral superior oblique mm.

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11
Q

oculomotor

A

extraocular mm

levator palpebrae superioris

PS supply to iris and ciliary mm

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12
Q

pupil constriction

A

parasympathetic

protect from light AND increase acuity

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13
Q

pupil dilation

A

sympathetic

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14
Q

course of oculomotor nerve

A

goes out interpeduncular fossa

IPSILATERAL

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15
Q

interpeduncular fossa nerve

A

oculomotor

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16
Q

edinger westphal nucleus

A

preganglionic PS

-terminate in ciliary ganglion

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17
Q

pupil reflex

A

afferent - CN II to bilateral pretectal nuclei

posterior commisure to edinger westphal

efferent - CN III out to pupillary sphincter

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18
Q

why do we need an accurate visual system

A
  • phototransduction slow
  • fovea is small

need to foveate objects
-keep them from moving across too quickly

-also, have binocular, so need to coordinate both eyes together

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19
Q

alignment of eyes requires

A
  • move both eyes same direction (conjugate)

- move objects opposite direction (vergence)

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20
Q

conjugate movement

A

eyes same direction

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21
Q

vergence movement

A

eyes opposite direction

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22
Q

voluntary movements involve?

A

UMNs - in cortex
-to basal ganglia and cerebellum

LMNs - to CN III, IV, VI
-no direct corticobulbar innervation

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23
Q

systems that keep object on fovea

A

1 saccades
2 smooth pursuit
3 vergence

24
Q

systems that stabilize retinal image

A

1 vestibuloocular movement

2 optokinetic movements

25
Q

saccades

A

fast, redirect gaze

26
Q

smooth pursuit

A

keep object on fovea

-requires a visual target

27
Q

what requires visual target

A

smooth pursuit

28
Q

conjugate movements

A

saccads

smooth pursuit

29
Q

fast phase of nystagmus

A

saccades

-redirect gaze

30
Q

CNS ignores input?

A

during a saccade

31
Q

frontal eye fields

A

BA 6 and 8

  • contralateral to paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)
  • also to rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF
  • also to superior colliculus
32
Q

rapid horizontal gaze

A

PPRF

  • to ipsi abducens
  • to contra oculomotor
33
Q

rapid vertical gaze

A

to riMLF

-bilateral

34
Q

input to frontal eye field

A

supplementary motor

parietal eye field

35
Q

superior colliculus

A

visual grasp reflex

36
Q

location of frontal eye field

A

anterior to facial of primary motor cortex

37
Q

something moving in periphery

A

parietal eye field to frontal eye field

38
Q

supplementary eye field

A

looking at sequence

-like down totem pole

39
Q

PPRF projections

A

to CN III, IV, VI

via MLF

40
Q

left cortex

A

controls rightward gaze

and vice versa

saccades

41
Q

smooth pursuit

A

requires visual target

  • keep target on fovea
  • calculates vector (speed and direction)

slower

42
Q

use of flocculus

A

smooth pursuit

-uses cerebellum

43
Q

smooth pursuit circuit

A

FEF > pontine nuclei > flocculus > vestibular nuclei > MLF > motor nuclei of III, IV, VI

44
Q

difference between smooth pursuit and VOR

A

the afferent info

smooth pursuit - visual target
VOR - vestibular apparatus about acceleration

45
Q

convergence

A

eyes toward midline

-medial rectus mm.

46
Q

stimulus for convergence

A

retinal disparity (objects out of focus)

too close - converge

47
Q

close object

A

loss of focus

  • drives accommodation
  • CN III

also - pupillary constriction occurs
-increasing acuity

48
Q

occurs during convergence

A

accommodation of lens

pupillary constriction

49
Q

near triad

A

convergence
accommodation
pupil constriction

50
Q

circuits of vergence

A

FEF to reticular formation in rostral midbrain

adjacent to CN III

51
Q

VOR

A

move eye in response to acceleration

52
Q

optokinetic system

A

active during continuous velocity
-with no acceleration

REFLEXIVE

53
Q

what are optokinetic movement

A

oscillatory eye movement in response to steady velocity

smooth pursuit alternating with saccades

54
Q

watching a train passing

A

optokinetic movement

55
Q

circuit to optokinetic

A

motion sensitive ganglion cells > accessory optic nuclei > vestibular nuclei > MLF > motor nuclei of III, IV, VI

Neuro Final (20 decks)

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