Intro to Nervous System Flashcards
cranial nerves
from brain
spinal nerves
from spinal cord
divisions of brain
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
divisions of spinal cord
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
CNS
brain and spinal cord
neuron
structural unit of NS
functional unit of NS
reflex arc
parts of neuron
soma - cell body
dendrites
axon - conductive zone
presynaptic terminal
receptive zone
soma and dendrites of neuron
conductive zone
axon
output zone
presynaptic terminal
multipolar
multiple processes arising from soma
bipolar
two processes arising from soma
typically special sensory neurons
unipolar neurons
typically in invertebrates
pseudounipolar neurons
primary afferents
classification of neurons by function
sensorymotorinterneurons
gray matter
in CNS - most of cell bodies
most in cerebral cortex
column
of cell bodiesin spinal cord (all ze horns)
white matter
typically cell processes-bc of myelin sheath
tracts
axons - white matter
schwann cells
glial cells in the PNS
metabolic support and electrical insulation
PNS neurons
not always myelinated-but do all have schwann cells
nodes of ranvier
collection of ion channels
myelin not continuous-allows fast conduction
oligodendrocytes
glial cells in CNS
myelinate several axons**
astrocytes
aka star cellssupport glial cells in CNS
function of astrocytes
have end feet that surround blood vessels of CNS
set up blood brain barrier
also regulate ionsforms scars
ependymal cells
glial cells in CNS
line the ventricles
microglia
“WBCs of CNS”cleaners - phagocytose
sagittal
divides into left and right
midsagittal
right on midline
parasagittal
beside the mindline
coronal
divide to anterior and posterior
aka frontal plane or cross section
horizontal
divides to superior and inferiortop and bottom
cephalic flexure
nervous system flops forward and changes rostral/caudal directionality
cross section in spinal cord
divides to superior/inferior
medulla
vital reflexes
pons
gatekeeper to cerebellum
peduncles
huge fiber bundles that carry info in and out of cerebellum
tegmentum
subdivision of ponsfloor of fourth ventricle
midbrain
vital reflexescerebral peduncles
tectum
roof of midbrain
superior and inferior colliculi
also in midbrain
subdivisions of diencephalon
hypothalamus and thalamus
all sensory information relayed to
through thalamus to the cerebral cortex
lateral borders of 3rd ventricle
thalamus
primary function of thalamus
relay sensory info from body, head, neck to cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
floor of 3rd ventricle
infundibulum
stalk from hypothalamus to pituitary
mammillary bodies
in hypothalamus
master regulator of ANS
hypothalamus
frontal lobe
central sulcus to occipital poleregulates voluntary motor activity
composition of frontal lobe
superior middle inferior gyriprecentral gyrus
gyrus rectus - near eyes
primary functions of frontal lobe
primary motor cortex
premotor and supplementary motor cortices
brocas area
prefrontal cortex
brocas area
in frontal lobe
specific mostly to left hemisphere
functions in motor speech
lesion to brocas area
non-fluent aphasia
broken up and parsed out words
parietal lobe
central sulcus to occipital lobe
superior and inferior parietal lobules
inferior parietal lobule
composed of supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus
wernickes area
supramarginal and angular gyriresponsible for speech comprehension
primary functions of parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex-initial processing of tactile and proprioceptive information
voluntary muscle control
originate in cortex
temporal lobe
superior, middle, inferior gyri
primary function of temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex-consciously aware of auditory info
wernickes area
in superior portion of temporal lobe as well
higher order visual processing
temporal lobe
ex/ facial recognition
learning and memory
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
superior - cuneus
inferior - lingual gyrus
lingual gyrus
inferior portion of occipital lobe
function of occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
limbic lobe
cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
primary function of limbic lobe
emotional response
drive related behavior
memory
cerebellum
“little brain”does not act in conscious awareness-we are not aware of it
structure of cerebellum
vermis
2 lateral hemispheres
primary functions of cerebellum
coordination-adjust a voluntary motor action
primary afferent neurons
convey sensory info to CNS from periphery
cell bodies in ganglion
divergence of primary afferents
to cortex via thalamus
stay local for reflexes
to cerebellum
lower motor neurons
info from CNS
final common pathway
**cell body in CNS
do not decussate
contralateral control
left cortex to right side of body
upper motor neurons
any neuron from cerebral cortex or brainstem that affects a LMN
decussate
primary motor cortex
somatotopically arranged
legs medialface lateral
big voluntary pathway
corticospinal tract
cerebellum
info from ipsilateral side
involved in coordination of ipsilatearl siderate, range, and force comparision as you perform an action
audition
bilateral
olfaction
ipsilateral
gustation
ipsilateral
some visceral
ipsilateral sensory
vestibulospinal tract
ipsilateral and bilateral motor
tectospinal tract
bilateral motor
reticulospinal tract
ipsilateral and bilateral motor
reticular formation
loose aggregate of cell bodies throughout brainstem
