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Neuro Final > Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves

A

from brain

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2
Q

spinal nerves

A

from spinal cord

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3
Q

divisions of brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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4
Q

divisions of spinal cord

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

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5
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

neuron

A

structural unit of NS

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7
Q

functional unit of NS

A

reflex arc

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8
Q

parts of neuron

A

soma - cell body
dendrites
axon - conductive zone
presynaptic terminal

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9
Q

receptive zone

A

soma and dendrites of neuron

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10
Q

conductive zone

A

axon

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11
Q

output zone

A

presynaptic terminal

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12
Q

multipolar

A

multiple processes arising from soma

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13
Q

bipolar

A

two processes arising from soma

typically special sensory neurons

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14
Q

unipolar neurons

A

typically in invertebrates

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15
Q

pseudounipolar neurons

A

primary afferents

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16
Q

classification of neurons by function

A

sensorymotorinterneurons

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17
Q

gray matter

A

in CNS - most of cell bodies

most in cerebral cortex

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18
Q

column

A

of cell bodiesin spinal cord (all ze horns)

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19
Q

white matter

A

typically cell processes-bc of myelin sheath

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20
Q

tracts

A

axons - white matter

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21
Q

schwann cells

A

glial cells in the PNS

metabolic support and electrical insulation

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22
Q

PNS neurons

A

not always myelinated-but do all have schwann cells

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23
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

collection of ion channels

myelin not continuous-allows fast conduction

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24
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

glial cells in CNS

myelinate several axons**

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25
astrocytes
aka star cellssupport glial cells in CNS
26
function of astrocytes
have end feet that surround blood vessels of CNS set up blood brain barrier also regulate ionsforms scars
27
ependymal cells
glial cells in CNS | line the ventricles
28
microglia
"WBCs of CNS"cleaners - phagocytose
29
sagittal
divides into left and right
30
midsagittal
right on midline
31
parasagittal
beside the mindline
32
coronal
divide to anterior and posterior | aka frontal plane or cross section
33
horizontal
divides to superior and inferiortop and bottom
34
cephalic flexure
nervous system flops forward and changes rostral/caudal directionality
35
cross section in spinal cord
divides to superior/inferior
36
medulla
vital reflexes
37
pons
gatekeeper to cerebellum
38
peduncles
huge fiber bundles that carry info in and out of cerebellum
39
tegmentum
subdivision of ponsfloor of fourth ventricle
40
midbrain
vital reflexescerebral peduncles
41
tectum
roof of midbrain
42
superior and inferior colliculi
also in midbrain
43
subdivisions of diencephalon
hypothalamus and thalamus
44
all sensory information relayed to
through thalamus to the cerebral cortex
45
lateral borders of 3rd ventricle
thalamus
46
primary function of thalamus
relay sensory info from body, head, neck to cerebral cortex
47
hypothalamus
floor of 3rd ventricle
48
infundibulum
stalk from hypothalamus to pituitary
49
mammillary bodies
in hypothalamus
50
master regulator of ANS
hypothalamus
51
frontal lobe
central sulcus to occipital poleregulates voluntary motor activity
52
composition of frontal lobe
superior middle inferior gyriprecentral gyrus | gyrus rectus - near eyes
53
primary functions of frontal lobe
primary motor cortex premotor and supplementary motor cortices brocas area prefrontal cortex
54
brocas area
in frontal lobe specific mostly to left hemisphere functions in motor speech
55
lesion to brocas area
non-fluent aphasia | broken up and parsed out words
56
parietal lobe
central sulcus to occipital lobe | superior and inferior parietal lobules
57
inferior parietal lobule
composed of supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus
58
wernickes area
supramarginal and angular gyriresponsible for speech comprehension
59
primary functions of parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex-initial processing of tactile and proprioceptive information
60
voluntary muscle control
originate in cortex
61
temporal lobe
superior, middle, inferior gyri
62
primary function of temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex-consciously aware of auditory info
63
wernickes area
in superior portion of temporal lobe as well
64
higher order visual processing
temporal lobe | ex/ facial recognition
65
learning and memory
temporal lobe
66
occipital lobe
superior - cuneus | inferior - lingual gyrus
67
lingual gyrus
inferior portion of occipital lobe
68
function of occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
69
limbic lobe
cingulate gyrus | parahippocampal gyrus
70
primary function of limbic lobe
emotional response drive related behavior memory
71
cerebellum
"little brain"does not act in conscious awareness-we are not aware of it
72
structure of cerebellum
vermis | 2 lateral hemispheres
73
primary functions of cerebellum
coordination-adjust a voluntary motor action
74
primary afferent neurons
convey sensory info to CNS from periphery | cell bodies in ganglion
75
divergence of primary afferents
to cortex via thalamus stay local for reflexes to cerebellum
76
lower motor neurons
info from CNS final common pathway **cell body in CNS do not decussate
77
contralateral control
left cortex to right side of body
78
upper motor neurons
any neuron from cerebral cortex or brainstem that affects a LMN decussate
79
primary motor cortex
somatotopically arranged | legs medialface lateral
80
big voluntary pathway
corticospinal tract
81
cerebellum
info from ipsilateral side | involved in coordination of ipsilatearl siderate, range, and force comparision as you perform an action
82
audition
bilateral
83
olfaction
ipsilateral
84
gustation
ipsilateral
85
some visceral
ipsilateral sensory
86
vestibulospinal tract
ipsilateral and bilateral motor
87
tectospinal tract
bilateral motor
88
reticulospinal tract
ipsilateral and bilateral motor
89
reticular formation
loose aggregate of cell bodies throughout brainstem

Neuro Final (20 decks)

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