Spinal Cord

Question 0

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 0

Between L1 and L2 for adults, L2 and L3 for newborns.

Question 1

Where does the spinal cord begin?

Answer 1

The medulla

Question 2

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 2

Conus Medullaris

Question 3

Where is the cervical enlargement and what does it supply?

Answer 3

C4-T1, it supplies the spinal nerves to form the brachial plexus.

Question 4

Where is the lumbosacral (lumbar) enlargement and what does it supply?

Answer 4

L1-S3, the anterior rami of the spinal nerves for the sacral plexus.

Question 5

What is the bundle of spinal nerve roots running through the lumbar cistern (subarachnoid space)?

Answer 5

Cauda equina (Looks like a horses tail)

Question 6

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 6

31; 8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 1 coccygeal.

Question 7

What nerve roots contain sensory (afferent) fibers?

Answer 7

Posterior/Dorsal

Question 8

What nerve roots contain motor (efferent) fibers?

Answer 8

Anterior/Ventral

Question 9

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 9

Serves as an anchor for the end of the dural sac, consists mostly pia matter, contains connective tissue, neuroglial tissue.

Question 10

What is the outmost layer of the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Dura Matter; tough, fibrous, and some elastic tissue.

Question 11

What is the spinal dural sac?

Answer 11

A long tubular sheath within the vertebral canal.

Question 12

What is spinal arachnoid mater?

Answer 12

It is a delicate, avascular membrane composed of fibrous and elastic tissue that lines the dural sac and the dural root sheaths, it also encloses the CSF filled subarachnoid space. It is NOT attached to the dura but is held against the surface of the dura from the pressure of the CSF.

Question 13

What are arachnoid trabeculae?

Answer 13

Delicate strands of connective tissue that span the subarachnoid space connecting the arachnoid and pia mater. CSF sits in this space.

Question 14

What are denticulate ligaments?

Answer 14

sawtooth like ligaments that run longitudinally along each side of the spinal cord that holds the spinal cord to the dural sac.

Question 15

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 15

The bottom part of the skull where the spinal cord comes out.

Question 16

What is the enlargement of the subarachnoid space in the dural sac, caudal to the conus medullaris, that contains CSF and the cauda equina?

Answer 16

Lumbar cistern

Question 17

What are the three longitudinal arteries that supply the spinal cord?

Answer 17

1 Anterior spinal artery, 2 posterior spinal arteries.

Question 18

What are neurons?

Answer 18

structural and functional units of the nervous system specialized for rapid communication. It is composed of a cell body with dendrites (extensions) and an axon which carries impulses away from the body.

Question 19

What is myelin?

Answer 19

layers of lipid and protein substances that form a myelin sheath around some axons, this greatly increases the velocity of impulse conduction.

Question 20

How do neurons communicate with each other?

Answer 20

through synapses or points of contact between neurons via neurotransmitters.

Question 21

What is neuroglia (glial cells or glia)?

Answer 21

nonneuronal, nonexcitable cells that form a major component (scaffolding) of nervous tissue. They support, insulate, and nourish the neurons.

Question 22

What is a tract?

Answer 22

A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting neighboring or distant nuclei of the CNS.

Question 23

What is gray matter?

Answer 23

Nervous tissue composed of nerve cell bodies.

Question 24

What is white matter?

Answer 24

Nervous tissue composed of interconnecting fiber tracts (axons).

Question 25

What is the orientation of gray and white matter in the spinal cord? In the brain?

Answer 25

In the spinal cord gray matter is on the inside and white matter is on the outside, however in the brain the white matter is on the inside and gray matter comprises the outside.

Question 26

What encloses neurolemma cells and axons?

Answer 26

The endoneurium

Question 27

What encloses a fascicle (bundle of peripheral nerve fibers)?

Answer 27

The perineurium

Question 28

What encloses a bundle of fascicles?

Answer 28

The epineurium, it forms the outermost layer of a peripheral nerve and includes fatty tissues, blood vessels, and lymphatics.

Question 29

What is the order of nervous tissue from the spinal cord to a peripheral nerve?

Answer 29

Anterior/Posterior rootlets=>Anterior/Posterior (spinal ganglion in posterior) roots=>Spinal Nerve=>Anterior/Posterior Rami

Question 30

Posterior rami supply nerve fibers for what structures?

Answer 30

Synovial joints of the vertebral column, deep muscles of the back, and the overlying skin.

Question 31

The anterior rami supply nerve fibers to what structures?

Answer 31

Larger region than posterior, anterior and lateral regions of the trunk and upper and lower limbs arising from them.

Question 32

Do cervical cross sectional segments of the spinal cord have horns that are part of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 32

Yes but most are in thoracic.

Question 33

What is the lumbar cistern?

Answer 33

The enlargement of the subarachnoid space to accommodate the Cauda equina.

Question 34

What are the intervertebral foramin?

Answer 34

The space in which spinal nerves exit the spinal colum.

Question 35

Is there an intervertebral disc between atlas and axis?

Answer 35

No. Your stupid if you think otherwise.

Question 36

Uncinate process occurs where in the vertebral column?

Answer 36

Cervical. They are lips on the lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies.

Question 42

What is the articular pillar?

Answer 42

The stack of articular processes in cervical region.

Question 43

ALL

Answer 43

Origin:

Insertion: Sacrum

Question 44

PLL

Answer 44

Origin: c2

Insertion: