Introduction

Question 0

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Answer 0

Anterior and Posterior halves

Question 1

Saggital plane

Answer 1

right and left halves

Question 2

Transverse plane

Answer 2

Upper and lower halves

Question 3

What is retinacula and what does it do?

Answer 3

It is deep fascia that holds tendons in place during joint movement.

Question 4

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 4

It consists of bones from the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 5

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 5

It consists of bones from the limbs, including shoulder and pelvic girdles.

Question 6

What is periosteum?

Answer 6

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds bone.

Question 7

What is perichondrium?

Answer 7

Surrounding cartilage elements including articular cartilage.

Question 8

Long bones

Answer 8

Tubular structures

ex. humerus and phalanges

Question 9

Short bones

Answer 9

Cuboidal found only in ankle and wrist

ex. ankle (tarsals), wrist (carpals)

Question 10

Flat bones

Answer 10

Serve as protection

ex. Cranium

Question 11

Irregular bones

Answer 11

Found in face, have various shapes other than long, short, or flat.

Question 12

Sesamoid bones

Answer 12

Develop in certain tendons, help to protect tendons from excessive wear and often change the angle of tendons as they pass to their attachments.
ex. patella

Question 13

What is mesenchyme?

Answer 13

Embryonic connective tissue in which bones are formed.

Question 14

Fibrous Joint

Answer 14

Articulating bones of fibrous joints. Amount of movement depends on length of fibrous tissue.

Question 15

Syndesmosis

Answer 15

Type of fibrous joint that unites bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue, either a ligament or fibrous membrane.

Question 16

Gomphosis joint

Answer 16

Type of fibrous joint in which a peg-like fibrous process stabilizes a tooth.

Question 17

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 17

United by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Question 18

Primary Cartilaginous Joint (synchondrosis)

Answer 18

Permit growth of the bone and allow slight bending during early life, until the epiphyseal plate converts to bone and the epiphyses fuse with the diaphysis.
ex. Hip joint

Question 19

Secondary Cartilaginous Joint (Symphyses)

Answer 19

Strong, slightly mobile, united by fibrocartilage.

ex. Intervertebral discs

Question 20

Synovial Joints

Answer 20

Articular cavity serves as the potential space that contains a small amount of synovial fluid. Usually reinforced by accessory ligaments that either are separate or are a thickened part of the joint capsule.

Question 21

Synovial Fluid

Answer 21

Serves to nourish the articular cartilage as well as lubricate the joint.

Question 22

Pennate muscles

Answer 22

Feather-like arrangement of fibers; can be uni, bi, or multi depending on muscle fibers.

Question 23

Fusiform muscles

Answer 23

Spindle-shaped (round thick belly that tapers at ends)

Question 24

Convergent Muscles

Answer 24

Have a broad attachment where fibers converge on a single tendon.
ex. Latissimus Dorsi

Question 25

Circular Muscles

Answer 25

Surround an opening or orifice, constricting it when it contracts.
ex. Obicularis Oris/Oculli

Question 26

Tonic Contraction

Answer 26

Slight contraction that does not cause movement but increases the tension in the fibers assisting in stability of joints and maintenance of posture. Isometric contraction occur at more intense levels.

Question 27

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

Answer 27

Tunica Intima, Tunica Media (middle smooth muscle), and Tunica Adventitia (outer connective tissue layer)