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Neuro presentation > Spinal cord > Flashcards

Spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebra?

A

33

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2
Q

What are diff types vertebra?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

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3
Q

How many:
Cervical- 7
\Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

A

Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacral- 5 - fused, sacrum
Coccyx- 4 - fused

33 total

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4
Q

Which vertebrae fused?

A

Sacral- sacrum
Coccyx

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5
Q

How many spinal nerves present?

A

31

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6
Q

How is skeletal muscle attached to bone?

A

Tendon

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7
Q

What is build up muscle (diff structures)
Flowchart

A

Skeletal muscle (biggest)
Muscle fasciculi
Myofibrils
Protein filaments- actin and myosin (smallest)

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8
Q

What occurs to actin and myosin when muscle fibres depolarised?

A

Actin and myosin slide against each other
Muscle contraction

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9
Q

How to differentiate vertebra?

A

Cervical
Transverse foramen- contain vertebral artery
Bifid spinous process- except C7

Thoracic
Thinner spinous process
Circular vertebral foramen
Costa facets

Lumbar
Spinous process thick and broad
Triangular vertebral foramen

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10
Q

What vertebra is atlas?

A

C1

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11
Q

What vertebra is axis?

A

C2

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12
Q

What is dens?

A

Spike on C2- axis

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13
Q

What cervical vertebra doesn’t have a bifid spinous process?

A

C7

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14
Q

What vertebra has a thin spinous process and circular vertebral foramen?

A

Thoracic vertebra

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15
Q

What vertebra has thick spinous process and triangular vertebral foramen?

A

Lumbar vertebra

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16
Q

What vertebra has transverse foramen and bifid spinous process?

A

Cervical vertebra

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17
Q

What does transverse foramen contain?

A

Vertebral artery and sympathetic chain

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18
Q

What vertebra?

A

Cervical

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19
Q

What vertebra?

A

Thoracic

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20
Q

What vertebra?

A

Lumbar

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

What covers spinal cord?

A

Meninges
Dura- outside
Subarachnoid
Pia- inside

DAP

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23
Q

What supplies autonomic innervation to viscera?

A

Spinal cord

24
Q

What vertebrae supply upper/lower limb?

A

Cervical (C3-T1) to upper limb
Lumbar (L1-S3) to lower limb

25
Q

What does spinal cord taper to?

A

Tapers cone
Conus medullaris

26
Q

What is end of spinal cord?

A

Filum terminale

27
Q

Where does spinal cord end at 3mnths foetal life?

A

3 months foetal- whole length

28
Q

Where does spinal cord end at birth?

29
Q

Where does spinal cord end at adulthood?

30
Q

What do axons in dorsal cord convey?

A

Afferent neurons (sensory)

31
Q

What do axons in ventral cord convey?

A

Efferent neurons (motor)

32
Q

Where do spinal nerves leave spine?
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

A

Cervical- 1 vertebra higher than corresponding vertebra
- except C8- below
Thoracic segments- 1-2 vertebra below corresponding
vertebra
Lumbar segments- 3-4 vertebra below corresponding
vertebra
Sacral segments- 5 vertebra below corresponding vertebra

33
Q

What spinal nerves leave higher?

A

Cervical
Apart C8- below

34
Q

What is cervical spinal nerve exception?

A

Cervical seg leave 1 vertebra higher than corresponding vertebra
EXCEPT C8 BELOW

35
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves? Divided?

A

31
8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1C

36
Q

State what covers nerves?

A

Epineurium- outermost layer- surrounds several fascicles
Perineurium- covers each fascicle
- composed layers of epithelium bound by
tight junctions
Endoneurium- delicate connective tissue around myelin
sheath of individual axon

37
Q

What is outer layer covers nerves? What does it surround?

A

Epineurium - surround svl fascicles

38
Q

What layer covers each fascicle? Surround, bound by what?

A

Perineurium
Surround each fascicle
Bound by tight junctions

39
Q

What layer wraps round ind. myelin sheath of each axon?

A

Endoneurium

40
Q

Define funiculi?

A

Large bundles fascicles

41
Q

What stain is used myelin? What colour change occurs?

A

Osmium
Stain white matter black

42
Q

What does osmium stain?

43
Q

What stains grey matter?

A

Silver stain stains grey matter black
Cell bodies stain

44
Q

What is stain used for cell bodies?

A

Silver stain
Stain grey matter black

45
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies

46
Q

How is grey matter shaped?

A

H- 4 protrusions
2 dorsal
2 ventral

47
Q

What is rexed laminae?

A

10 layers grey matter

48
Q

What are 3 main parts of rexed laminae?

A

Laminae I-III
Laminae VII
Laminae IX

49
Q

What characteries
Laminae I-III
Laminae VII
Laminae IX

A

Laminae I-III: substantia gelatinosa
Laminae VII: Clarke’s Column (C8-L3)
Laminae IX: motor supply

50
Q

State front arm spinal reflex?

51
Q

State back arm spinal reflex?

52
Q

State diaphragm spinal reflex?

A

C3/C4/C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive (phrenic))

53
Q

State erection of penis spinal reflex?

A

S2/S3/S4 (pudendal nerve)

54
Q

State ankle jerk spinal reflex?

A

S1/S2
Once, two, buckle my shoe

55
Q

State knee jerk spinal reflex?

A

L3/L4
Three, four, kick down the door

56
Q

State wrist and biceps spinal reflex?

A

C5/C6
Five, six, pick up sticks

Neuro presentation (24 decks)

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