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Neuro presentation > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 common neurotransmitters and state if excitatory or inhibitory? (3)

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)- excitatory in skeletal
- inhibitory in heart
Glutamate (GLU)- excitatory
GABA- inhibitory

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2
Q

What are neuromodulators?
Examples? (3)

A

Cause change in synaptic membrane
Longer lasting- slower events- i.e. learning, development
Dopamine (DA)
Noradrenaline (NA)
Serotonin

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3
Q

How do local anesthetic work?
Examples?

A

Procaine and lignocaine
Interrupting axonal neurotransmission
Block sodium channels- prevent depolarisation
Nociception cannot be transmitted

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4
Q

How do local anaesthetic worj?

A

Diffuse through mucus membranes
Can act on muscle

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5
Q

What are two types of neurotransmitter receptors?

A

Ligand-activated (ionotropic)
Metabotropic

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6
Q

What is ionotropic receptor (ligand activated)?

A

Ion channel proteins
Excitatory or inhib
Open due ligand binding

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7
Q

How do ionotropic receptors/ligand activated ion channels work?

A

1) Open directly response to ligand binding
2) Undergo change shape when neurotransmitter binds
3) Allow ion influx/efflux from cell
4) Produce quick response

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8
Q

What receptor causes quick response?

A

Ionotropic/ligand activated ion channels

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9
Q

What are metabotropic receptors?

A

Trigger signal pathways- not ion channels
Excitatory or inhibitory

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10
Q

How does metabotropic receptors work?

A

Can indirectly affect ion channel open/close
Tend involve second messenger
Slow

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11
Q

What is main inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

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12
Q

What is main excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

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13
Q

Where can Ach act? (3)

A

PNS- neuromuscular junctions
Brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

What are neurons called release Ach?

A

Cholinergic neurons

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15
Q

What do cholinergic neurons release?

A

Ach

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16
Q

What breaks down Ach? Into?

A

Acetylcholinesterase
Breaks Ach into choline and acetate

17
Q

What breaks down Ach?
Were is choline transported after broken down?

A

Acetylcholinesterase
Choline transported back to presynaptic axon terminal
Choline reused

18
Q

What are two types Ach receptor?

A

Nicotinic
Muscarinic

19
Q

What do nicotinic receptors respond to? (2)
Where is found?

A

Respond Ach and nicotine
Found NMJ

20
Q

How do nicotinic receptors work?

A

1) Ach causes ion channels open
2) Depolarisation target cell

21
Q

What function are nicotinic receptors important in?

A

Cognitive function and behaviour

22
Q

What are muscarinic receptors?
Location?

A

Couple with G proteins
Brain
PNS innervates peripheral glands/organs- salivary gland
Not ion channel
Trigger signal pathways- inhibit ap

23
Q

What receptors used with G proteins?

A

Muscarinic

24
Q

What receptors used with ion channels?

A

Nicotinic

25
Q

What transmitter/receptor/receptors used in skeletal? Effect?

A

Ach
Nicotinic
Ligand gated ion channel
Promotion muscle contraction

26
Q

What transmitter/receptor/receptors used inhibit heart muscle? Effect?

A

Ach
Metabotropic receptor
Inhibit muscle contraction

27
Q

Function neuroadrenaline?

A

Transmitted peripheral heart
CNS
Sympathetic- increase rate of contractions

28
Q

What effects noradrenaline? eg

A

Antidepressant drugs
Imipramine- block reuptake NA

29
Q

What stimulates noradrenaline?

A

Amphetamines
Increase release
Block reuptake

30
Q

Where is dopamine located?

A

Basal ganglia
Substantia niagra

31
Q

What is dopamine affected by? Examples

A

Antipsychotic drugs
Chlorpromazine- antagonist and block receptors

32
Q

Function of chlorpromazine?

A

Antipsychotic drug
Dopamine antagonist- block receptor

33
Q

What stimulates dopamine prod?

A

Amphetamines

34
Q

What is serotonin function?

A

Excitatory effect pathways

35
Q

What effects serotonin?

A

Antidepressant drug- Prozac
Increase conc. synaptic serotonin

36
Q

What function Prozac?

A

Increase conc. synaptic serotonin

37
Q

What is effect of ecstasy on serotonin?

A

Ecstasy is neurotoxic to serotonin neurons
Destroy terminal of axons

38
Q

What does loss dopamine cause?

A

Alzheimer’s

Neuro presentation (24 decks)

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