Brain development

Question 1

Development
Following fertilisation what forms?

Answer 1

Morula (16 cells)
Blastocyst (16+ cells)

Question 2

What structure is 16 cells in development?

Answer 2

Morula

Question 3

What structure forms after morula (16+ cells)

Answer 3

Blastocyst

Question 4

What forms after blastocyst?

Answer 4

Tri-laminar disc forms

Question 5

What are trilaminar discs?

Answer 5

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 6

What forms neural plate?

Answer 6

Ectoderm

Question 7

When does ectoderm form neural plate?

Answer 7

3rd week

Question 8

How does neural tube form?

Answer 8

Neural plate undergoes mitosis
Neural groove formed
Groove deepens and detaches
Form neural tube

Question 9

What do neural crest cells form?

Answer 9

Sensory ganglia
Schwann cells
Adrenal medulla
Meninges
Dermis

Question 10

What cells form meninges?

Answer 10

Neural crest cells

Question 11

What forms in week 5?

Answer 11

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 12

What occurs in week 7?

Answer 12

Secondary brain vesicles develop
Give rise mature brain

Question 13

Process brain formation

Answer 13

1) Fertilisation
2) Morula (16 cells)
3) Blastocyst (16+)
4) Trilaminar disc- ecto, meso, endo derm
5) Third week ectoderm thickens
6) Neural plate formed
7) Mitosis of neural plate
8) Form neural groove
9) Groove deepens
10) Forms neural tube
11) Neural crest cells
12) Week 5- prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon
13) Week 7- secondary brain vesicles
14) Mature brain

Question 14

What occurs at 3 weeks?

Answer 14

Eye formation

Question 15

When are basic structures brain developed?

Answer 15

3 mnths

Question 16

When does myelination begin?

Answer 16

25 weeks

Question 17

When do gyri and sulci form?

Answer 17

9 months

Question 18

When does lobes and cerebrum form?

Answer 18

7 mnths

Question 19

What structures does prosencephalon form?

Answer 19

Cerebral hemispheres
Later ventricles
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
3rd ventricle

Question 20

What does mesencephalon form?

Answer 20

Midbrain
Aqueduct

Question 21

What are secondary brain vesicles of prosencephalon?

Answer 21

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

Question 22

What are secondary brain vesicles of rhombencephalon?

Answer 22

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 23

What structures does rhombencephalon form?

Answer 23

Cerebellum
Pons & upper 4th ventricle
Medulla oblongata
Lower 4th ventricle

Question 24

When does CNS abnormality occur?

Answer 24

2nd trimester

Question 25

When does risk of disorders fall?

Answer 25

Wk 16
Most structures developed

Question 26

What wk eye malformations?

Answer 26

Week 6

Question 27

What week deafness?

Answer 27

Week 9

Question 28

What week cardiac malformation?

Answer 28

5-10

Question 29

When is dermal skin innervated?

Answer 29

28 wks

Question 30

When does BBB develop?

Answer 30

8 weeks

Question 31

What forms BBB?

Answer 31

Endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes

Question 32

Function astrocytes?

Answer 32

Regulate blood flow
Regulate synaptic transmission

Question 33

What does BBB form? (2)

Answer 33

Endothelial tight junctions
Continuous basement membrane

Question 34

Give example structure doesn’t have BBB? Why

Answer 34

Posterior pituitary
Needs to be contact with blood- sensory role

Question 35

When should neural tube close?

Answer 35

End week 4

Question 36

What does failure of neural tube to close cause?

Answer 36

Spina bifida

Question 37

What is anencephalus?

Answer 37

Failure neural tube to close in cephalic region

Question 38

How measure neural activity?

Answer 38

Lumbar puncture