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3 NERVOUS SYSTEM > SPINAL CORD > Flashcards

SPINAL CORD Flashcards

1
Q

Length of Spinal Cord
Length of Vertebral Canal

A

⭐ 45 cm

⭐ 70cm

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2
Q

Spinal Cord Extent

A

Upper border of ATLAS
⬇️
L1-L2 junction
(Lower border of L1)

In children till L3 L4

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3
Q

Number of Vertebrae

A

33
C7
T12
L5
S5
Cx4

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4
Q

Number of SPINAL SEGMENTS

A

31 segments
C8
T12
L5
S5
Cx1

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5
Q

Development of Spinal Cord

A

Caudal part of Neural Tube (4th Week)

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6
Q

Terminal portion of Spinal Cord

A

Conus Medullaris

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7
Q

Which cranial nerves arise from Conus Medullaris

A

Last 4 segments
S3
S4
S5
C1

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8
Q

EPICONUS?

A

Portion of spinal cord just above Conus Medullaris

L4
L5
S1
S2

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9
Q

Dura meter and Arachnoid mater extend upto
🧠⚡ DAS²⚡

A

S2 vertebrae

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10
Q

Filum Terminal extends upto
🧠⚡ FIX⚡

A

Coccyx 1 vertebra
.
Modification of PIAMETER from tip of Conus Medullaris to Dorsum of COCCYX1

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11
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Nerves arising from the Conus Medullaris and Epiconus radiate outwards, like horse tail
⬇️
Known as CAUDA EQUINA

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12
Q

Formula to get Spinal Segmental level from Vertebral Level
🧠⚡ We always talk in SEGMENTAL LEVEL⚡

A
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13
Q

CAUDA Equina Syndrome

A

Asymmetric involvement of ROOTS
L2 S1
L3 S2
L4 S3
L5 S4
S5
Cx1

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14
Q

Stand on
Sit on

A

Stand on S1
Sit on S3

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15
Q

Conus Medullaris syndrome

A

Symmetric and B/L involvement of last 4 roots:
S3
S4
S5
Cx1

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16
Q

Spinal ENLARGEMENT

A
  1. Cervical enlargement (C3 to T2)
  2. Lumbar enlargement (L1 to S3)
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17
Q

Grey-White Matter Organization
⭐ Spinal Cord
⭐ Brain
🧠⚡ OPPOSITE TO EACH OTHER⚡

A

⭐ Spinal Cord
Grey : Inside
White: Outside

⭐ Brain
Grey: Outside
White: Inside

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18
Q

Grey Matter of Spinal Cord

A
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19
Q

Tracts of Spinal Cord

A
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20
Q

DCML
Dorsal Column Medial Laminiscus

A
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21
Q

DCML cross over occurs at

Anterolateral Pathway crosses over at

A

⭐ Medulla Oblongata

⭐ same Spinal cord Level

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22
Q

⭐ Medial Leminiscus

⭐ Lateral Leminiscus

⭐

A

⭐ DCML fibers

23
Q

⭐ Internal Arcuate Fibers

⭐ External Arcuate Fibers
✨ Posterior External Arcuate Fibers
✨ Anterior External Arcuate Fibers

A

⭐ Internal Arcuate Fibers
🎯 DCML fibers at Medulla Oblongata
🎯 Fibers that Cross over

⭐ External Arcuate Fibers
✨ Posterior External Arcuate Fibers
🎯 Uncrossed fibers from the lateral part of the arcuate nucleus to the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

✨ Anterior External Arcuate Fibers
🎯 Fibers from the arcuate nucleus coursing over the caudal end of the olive to the caudal cerebellar peduncle. Part of the pontocerebellar tract.

24
Q

Carry sensation from

⭐ Fasiculus Cuneatus

⭐ Fasiculus Gracilis
🧠⚡C comes 1st then G ⚡

A

⭐ Upper Limb

⭐ Lower Limb

25
Q

DCML ends on Which NUCLEI IN THALAMUS?

DCML gives fibers to which NUCLEI in Spinal Cord

A

⭐ VPL (VENTRAL POSTEROLATERAL nucleus)

⭐ Nucleus Proprius : maintains reflex ARC

26
Q

DCML fibers 3rd Order neurons pass through which limb of INTERNAL CAPSULE?

A

Posterior Limb of INTERNAL CAPSULE

27
Q

Descending Tracts in Lateral Column
🧠⚡ RL⚡

A

Rubrospinal Tract
Lateral Corticospinal tract

28
Q

Descending Tracts in Anterior Column
🧠⚡ A VOTe⚡

A

Anterior Corticospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Olivospinal tract
Tectospinal tract

29
Q

All tracts in spinal cord is represented in ARRANGEMENT except

🧠⚡ ML ➡️ CTLS⚡

A

Cervical ➡️ Thoracic ➡️ Lumbar ➡️ Sacral

⭐ Dorsal Column
ML ➡️ SLTC
SACRAL ➡️ LUMBAR ➡️ THORACIC ➡️ CERVICAL

30
Q

Glove and Stocking Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Cervical Myelopathy
Outer Cervical column fibers affected 1st ➡️ ➡️ Inner Sacral fibers affected

31
Q

ViP makes you STAND UP
⚡️VIP activates Antigravity muscles⚡️

Sit on Rubber mat
⚡️Rubber mat activates gravity muscles⚡️

A
  1. Vestibular spinal tract
  2. Pontine Reticulo-spinal tract

Sit down
1. Rubrospinal tract
2. Medullary Reticulo-spinal Tract

32
Q

Vestibular Apparatus
Function

A

✨ For standing up
✨ Activates and Increases tone of ANTI-GRAVITY Muscles

33
Q

Red Nucleus functions
Rubrospinal Tract

⚡️ If Red Nucleus spared: increased Gravity Muscle tone (Flexors of lower limb) As in Decorticate rigidity

A

Increases tone of GRAVITY muscles
Flexors of Upper limb

34
Q

Inner Grey Matter
Types of Neurons

A
  1. Golgi Type I neurons: Long Axons
  2. Golgi Type 2 neurons: Short Axons
35
Q

Decerebrate
Vs
Decorticate

A
36
Q

Decerbrate vs Decorticate
Lesion at

A
37
Q

Blood supply of SPINAL CORD

A
  1. Anterior Spinal Artery x1
  2. Posterior Spinal Artery x2
  3. Anterior Radiculomedullary artery
  4. Posterior Radiculomedullary artery
38
Q

Arteria Vasa Corona

A

Formed by anastamosis BETWEEN Anterior and Posterior Radiculomedullary artery with Anterior and Posterior Spinal artery

39
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz
Synonyms

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz
Artery of Lumbar Enlargement
Arteria Radicularis Magna

Radicular artery is noticeably larger that the others, located in Lower Thoracic or Upper Lumbar

40
Q

Number of RADICULAR ARTERIES

A

10-23 Posterior RADICULAR Artery

6-10 Anterior RADICULAR Artery

41
Q

Which spinal segments not supplied by RADICULAR Arteries

A

C1 C2 C3 C4

42
Q

Vertical WATERSHED REGION in spinal Cord

Horizontal WATERSHED REGION in spinal Cord

A

⭐ T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 (MID Thoracic Region)

⭐ BETWEEN SUPPLY OF ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY (in the LATERAL PART of SPINAL CORD)

43
Q

Which tract is 1st involved in Spinal Cord Ischemia

A

LATERAL Corticospinal Tract

44
Q

Posterior CORD Syndrome
Seen in

A

HYPER-EXTENSION INJURY
⭐ DCML involved only

45
Q

ANTERIOR CORD SYNDROME
Seen in

A

✨ Anterior Spinal Artery Infarction
✨ TRAUMA

Loss of Power, Pain, Temperature

46
Q

DISSOCIATIVE SENSORY LOSS
Seen in

A

Central CORD Syndrome
Posterior Column spared, Spinothalamic Tract involved, MOTOR and ANS involved

47
Q

CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME
Seen in

A

Syringomyelia

48
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome
⭐ At the level of Lesion

⭐ Below the Level of Lesion
🧠💡DIM CST💡

A

⭐ At the level of Lesion
✨ Everything I/L Lost
⭐ Below the Level of Lesion
I/L MOTOR
I/L DCML SENSATION
C/L SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

49
Q

B/L MOTOR WEAKNESS can NEVER BE DUE To

A

CEREBRAL LESION

Cause: CORD

50
Q

Diaphragm supply by DERMATOME

A

C3-C5
Phrenic Nerve

51
Q

C7

A

Fingers.
Wrist Extensors
Triceps

52
Q

C8

A

Little Finger: Sensory
Wrist and Finger Flexion: Motor

53
Q

BEEVOR’S Sign used for

A

Localizing SPINAL CORD LESION to T10-11
⬇️
Upward movement of UMBILICUS when ABDOMINAL Wall Contracts

54
Q

REASON for BEEVOR’S Sign

A

T10-T12 lesion : Paralyze the lower ABDOMINAL MUSCLES (but not UPPER abd walls)

Normally, the rectus abdominis muscle contracts as a single unit with no predominance of upper half over the lower part or left over the right side.Therefore, normally on trunk flexion, the navel does not move.

Weakness of upper part of rectus abdominis (Navel moves upward): Beevor’s sign

Weakness of lower part of rectus abdominis (Navel moves downward): Inverted Beevor’s sign

3 NERVOUS SYSTEM (40 decks)

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