SPEECH and LANGUAGE

Question 1

Phonation vs Speech vs Language
🧠⚡PSL ⚡

Answer 1

⭐ Phonation: It is the production of vocal sounds without word formation.

⭐ Speech: It consists of words which are articulate vocal sounds that symbolize and communicate ideas. Speech is the
articulation and phonation of language sounds.

⭐ Language: It refers to the selection and serial ordering of words according to learned rules by which a person can use spoken or written modalities to communicate with others and to express cerebral activities involved with thinking and learning. It can be by speech (auditory symbols), writing (graphic symbols), or by gestures and pantomime (motor symbols)

Question 2

Broca’s Area
🧠⚡BMWs ⚡

Answer 2

Area 44/45 in INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS

✨ It is themotorspeech area.
Motor?Yeah, it helps inmovements required to produce speech.

✨ Broca’s area is located in the frontal lobe.
(Frontal lobe also contains the general motor and premotor areas, so it’s easy to make the association!)

Question 3

Wernicke’s AREA
🧠⚡BMWs ⚡

Answer 3

Area 22 in SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS
It is thesensoryspeech area.
Sensory?Yes, it helps youunderstand speech.
It also helps inusage of correct words to express our thoughts

Question 4

FLUENT APHASIA
(OR)
Sensory APHASIA
(OR)
RECEPTIVE APHASIA
🧠⚡as FLUENT as CATS Walks ⚡
🧠⚡Ability to Repetitions seen in ATS ⚡
🧠⚡Comprehension absent in TW ⚡

Answer 4

Impairment in INPUT or Reception of Language
Difficulty in Auditory Verbal Comprehension
Difficulty in Repetition of Words, Phrases or Sentences spoken by others

Question 5

Classification of APHASIA

Answer 5

Question 6

Classification of APHASIA
🧠⚡ WB SALes ➡️ REsT in Tata Consultancy Group⚡

Answer 6

Question 7

Speech Pathway
🧠⚡ WAW AB Motor Brain kam karega⚡

Answer 7

Wernicke’s (superior Temporal Gyrus)
⬇️
Angular Gyrus (Parietal Lobe)
⬇️
Wernicke’s
⬇️
Arcuate Fasiculus
⬇️
Broca’s
⬇️
Primary Motor Cortex
⬇️
Brainstem
⬇️
Muscles of Larynx

Question 8

Non FLUENT APHASIA
(OR)
Expressive Aphasia

Answer 8

Difficulty in ARTICULATING with Relatively Good auditory, verbal comprehension

Question 9

Broca’s APHASIA vs Wernicke’s APHASIA
🧠⚡Broca is broke.
Speaks broken words.
He is also frustrated because he is broke. ⚡
🧠⚡Wernicke’s likeWhat?
Wernicke’s is all confused.⚡

Answer 9

Question 10

Nominal APHASIA
(OR)
ANOMIC APHASIA
(OR)
AMNESIC APHASIA

⭐ Lesion in

Answer 10

⭐ Angular GYRUS
⭐ DIFFICULTY IN WORD FINDING or NAMING

FLUENT ➕
Repetition ➕
Comprehension ➕
Reading Writing ➕

Question 11

CONDUCTION APHASIA
(OR)
ARCUATE APHASIA

⭐ Lesion in

Answer 11

Lesion in ARCUATE FASICULUS

⭐ PARAPHASIA ➕ (Unintended words in between speech)

FLUENT
REPETITIONS ⛔
COMPREHENSION ➕

Question 12

Cause of WERNICKE’S APHASIA

Answer 12

Inferior Division of Middle Cerebral ARTERY

Question 13

POSTERIOR APHASIA
Synonyms

Answer 13

WERNICKE’S APHASIA
RECEPTIVE APHASIA
SENSORY APHASIA

Question 14

LOGORRHEA
➕
NEOLOGISM
➕
PARAPHASIA
➕
JARGON APHASIA

Answer 14

Wernicke’s

Question 15

⭐ Posterior Watershed Territory Infarct causes which APHASIA

⭐ Anterior Watershed Territory Infarct causes which APHASIA

Answer 15

⭐ Trans cortical SENSORY APHASIA
Causes of Infarct:
1. Hypotension
2. Hypoalbuminemia

⭐ Transcortical MOTOR APHASIA

Question 16

ANTERIOR APHASIA
SYNONYMS

Answer 16

Broca’s APHASIA
MOTOR APHASIA
EXPRESSIVE

Question 17

Cause of BROCA’S APHASIA

Answer 17

Infarction of SUPERIOR FRONTAL BRANCH OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY

Question 18

TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH : AGRAMMATIC
➕
DYSARTHRIA
➕
PROSODY(RHYTHM) LOST
➕
PRONUNCIATION POOR

Answer 18

Broca’s APHASIA

Question 19

ALEXIA
🧠⚡Same as ALEXA ⚡

Lesion at

Answer 19

Impairment of VISUAL WORD RECOGNITION
➕
RECOGNIZES AUDITORY WORDS

⭐ OCCIPITO-TEMPORAL REGION

Question 20

AGRAPHIA

Answer 20

Inability to WRITE

Question 21

ALEXIA with AGRAPHIA
LESION AT

Answer 21

Left ANGULAR GYRUS

COMPREHENSIVE ➕
FLUENCY ➕
REPETITION ➕
Reading Writing ⛔

Question 22

ANOMIA

Answer 22

Word spoken by the person is not completely accurate
Ex- plentil for pencil

(OR)

Cannot say the appropriate name when shown, but can point to the object, when name is taken

Question 23

DYSARTHRIA
Meaning

Answer 23

Abnormal articulation of Sound or Phenomes

Question 24

Types of DYSARTHRIA
🧠⚡H²is Mouth: FASt ⚡

Answer 24

Question 25

Facial Flaccid Paralysis has difficulty with letters

Answer 25

B M W P

Question 26

LINGUAL FLACCID LARALYSIS HAS DIFFICULTY IN WORDS
🧠⚡Dont Save TaX ⚡

Answer 26

L
D N T
S T X

Question 27

Causes of HOT POTATO VOICE
or
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA

Answer 27

1. PSEUDO-BULBAR PALSY (UMN weakness)

DUE TO VELOPHARYNGEAL INSUFFICIENCY and MUFFLED ORAL RESONANCE:

2. PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS (OR) QUINSY
3. LINGUAL THYROID
4. EPIGLOTTITIS
5. TUMOR OF VALLECULA BETWEEN EPIGLOTTIS and BASE OF TONGUE
6. FOREIGN BODY
7. LYMPHOID MASS

Question 28

Scanning Speech seen in

Answer 28

Seen in CEREBELLAR DISEASES.
UNDUE SEPERATION OF SYLLABLES (Mono syllable speech)

Question 29

STOCCATO SPEECH

Answer 29

Seen in Multiple Sclerosis ➡️ CEREBELLAR DISEASES.

Explosive speech with emphasis on Syllables

Question 30

NORMAL VOICE AT BEGINNING ➕ VOICE BECOMES WEAK AS SENTENVE PROGRESS

Answer 30

Myasthenic DYSARTHRIA

Question 31

DISTORTED SPEEXG WITH CONTINUOUS CHANGE IN ARTICULATION

Answer 31

Hyper kinetic DYSARTHRIA

Chorea
Athetosis
Dyskinesias

Question 32

HYPOKINETIC DYSARTHRIA Seen in

Answer 32

Parkinsonism
Extrapyramidal