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3 NERVOUS SYSTEM > LMN Pathology > Flashcards

LMN Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases of Motor-Sensory Unit

A
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2
Q

LMN vs UMN
🧠⚡ STORM Baby⚡
🧠⚡ UMN WISE⚡

A
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3
Q

Anterior Horn Cells
Disorders
🧠⚡Motor-SHIP ⚡

A

Spinal Muscle Atrophy
Motor Neuron Disease
Polio
Hirayama’s Disease
Intramedullary Syringomyelia

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4
Q

Pure MOTOR LMN LESIONS
🧠⚡ANM ⚡

A

Anterior Horn cell
Neuromuscular Junction
Muscle

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5
Q

LMN Lesion with SENSORY MOTOR Dysfunction
🧠⚡GRP (group) Nervous ⚡

A

Ganglion : Ganglionopathy
Root : Radiculopathy
Plexus : Plexopathy
Nerves : Neuropathy

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6
Q

Roots/Radicles formed by

A

Both sensory and motor components of the spinal segment

Ex - C5, C6, T1, T7, any segment

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7
Q

🌸 TYPES of RADICULOPATHY
🧠⚡ Compress⚡

A

✨ COMPRESSIVE/CLASSICAL
✨ NON COMPRESSIVE

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8
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON CAUSE of COMPRESSIVE RADICULOPATHY

A

Intervertebral Disc Prolapse IVDP

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9
Q

Causes of NON COMPRESSIVE RADICULOPATHY

A

Infections:
CMV
GBS

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10
Q

Classical vs Non-classical RADICULOPATHY
🧠⚡classical Radical more disturbed ⚡

A

Classical
U/L
PAINFUL
ASYMMETRICAL

Non compressive
POLYRADICULONEUTOPATHY
B/L
PAINLESS
SYMMETRIC
PROXIMAL WEAKNESS & PROGRESSIVE

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11
Q

Dermatomes
Rule of 4
🧠⚡ 4 word things⚡

A

4 Rule - 4 of all Segments supplies Areas with 4 words:

C4 - NeckLace

T4 -Boob(Nipples)

L4 -Knee

S4 -Anus(Anus is actually S5 but the perianal area is S4)

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12
Q

Cervical ROOTS
Dermatome

A

C2- Supplies an area that looks like ahelmet with a strap to be tied below the chin

C4- NeckLace/ Trapezius

C3is the area between those two

C5: Deltoid

Thumb is C6. Always remember this.

C6 also supplies a part of the index finger. Join thumb and index with tips(looks like a 6)

C7 Index, middle and part of Ring finger

C8 and T1 Little finger

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13
Q

Thoracic Roots

A

Thoracic roots

The entire area supplied by these roots make theletter T. Thelimbs of Tare the topmost, so obviously is supplied byT1.

T4is the level ofBoob(Nipple)

T10- Belly ButTEN(Umbilicus)

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14
Q

Lumbar Roots

A

Lumbar roots

Supplies theLegs andLoin.

L1-1nguinaLArea ( Inguinal Area Is L1)

L4-Knee

L5- Middle part of the supply of Sole of the foot is somewhattriangular.Like an inverted V. Roman for 5.

On the dorsal aspect of the foot S5 supplies the middle three toes.

TheGreat toeis supplied byL4. (Remember TheGreat Fire(4)of London)

All segments are parallel to the Inguinal ligament

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15
Q

Sacral Roots
DERMATOME

A

Sacral roots
The sacral supplies start off on the sacral area which do so in a concentric fashion. S1 to S5 out to in.
S5 being the anus. S4 is the perianal area.
S2 and S3 are FREE and roam down the perineum and supply the genital area as well.
S1 and S2 go down on the post aspect of the leg till the foot.
As they continue down and S1 being above S2, S2 obviously will be lateral and end up supplying the lateral aspect of the foot and the little toe. Little toe is smallest of the lot (1).
So the foot is supplied by L4 L5 S1.

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16
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of RADICULOPATHY

A

⭐ ROOT PAIN:
✨ Asymmetric
✨ BRIEF SHOCK LIKE LANCINATING PAIN ALONG THE DISTRIBUTION OF ROOT
✨ WORSEN WITH COUGH

⭐ SENSORY DYSFUNCTION ALONG THE DERMATOME

⭐ MOTOR DYSFUNCTION (HYPOTONIA, AREFLEXIA) ALONG THE MYOTOME

17
Q

Dermatome and Myotomal Disturbution of UPPER LIMB

18
Q

Nerve conduction study in RADICULOPATHY

A

Para spinal muscle denervation

19
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON CAUSE of PLEXOPATHY

20
Q

PLEXOPATHY 🧑🏻‍⚕️ CLINICAL FEATURES

A

ASYMMETRIC (OR) U/L
⭐ SENSORIMOTOR Involvement

⭐ PAIN
✨ Asymmetric
✨ Dull irritatating
✨ Deep Seated
✨ Long Standing

⭐ Entire Upper limb/Lower Limb involved; NOT JUST THE DERMATOME

⭐PROXIMAL ➕ DISTAL WEAKNESS

21
Q

ASYMMETRICAL INVOLVEMENT

A

⭐ GANGLIONOPATHY
⭐ RADICULOPATHY
⭐ PLEXOPATHY

22
Q

GANGLIONOPATHY
syn

A

NEURONOPATHIES

23
Q

💡🪔CLINICAL POINTER🪔
ASYMMETRICAL
➕
SENSORY TRUNCAL(and ARM) ATAXIA
➕
NO MOTOR LOSS

A

GANGLIONOPATHY

24
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON CAUSE of GANGLIONOPATHY
🧠⚡ GPS in CT HaPpy⚡

A

G
Paraneoplastic (Anti HO antibody)
Sjogren’s syndrome

Other causes
CISPLATIN
THALIDOMIDE
PYRIDOXINE TOXICITY (rare)
HIV (Rare)

25
Q

Drugs causing LMN lesions

Vincristine
Taxanes
Thalidomide
Cisplatin
B12 deficiency
B6 Toxicity

A

⭐ Vincristine : GANGLIONOPATHY

⭐ Taxanes: Large Fiber POLYNEUROPATHY > GANGLIONOPATHY

⭐ Thalidomide: GANGLIONOPATHY

⭐ Cisplatin : Large fiber POLYNEUROPATHY > GANGLIONOPATHY

⭐ B12 def : LARGE FIBER POLYNEUROPATHY

⭐ PYRIDOXINE : LARGE FIBER POLYNEUROPATHY > GANGLIONOPATHY

26
Q

Lower LIMB MYOTOMES

⭐️1st bring towards you, then push away from you⭐️

A

L1: Hip FLEXION
L2: Hip ADDUCTION
L3, L4: Knee EXTENSION
L4: Dorsiflexion of FOOT (Tibialis anterior); KNEE JERK
L5: EVERSION and ABDUCTION; Extensor HALLUCIS LONGUS
S1: Sole of foot; Knee Flexion; Ankle Reflex

3 NERVOUS SYSTEM (40 decks)

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