speed/agility/dexterity/reaction time Flashcards
1
Q
speed
A
- time taken to cover a specified distance
- typically (not always) a straight line assessment
- how fast, does not consider mass or momentum
- instantaneous velocity or average velocity
- rate of distance
- includes the ATP-PCr system, muscular power, velocity , and watts
2
Q
instantaneous velocity
A
- peak velocity during trajectory
3
Q
average velocity
A
- most assessments are on average
4
Q
quantitative approaches to speed
A
- timing is the most important (could be analyzed from a video , hand timing , etc)
- hand timing is easy and simple but is not as reliable depending on the tester and protocols
- laser or electronic timing is reliable and accurate
- more expensive but easy
- bright lights can impair lasers
5
Q
start of a sprint
A
- ## start: reaction time, balance , quickness, how quickly you can perfect a start and get up to acceleration , effects ultimate velocity
6
Q
acceleration of a sprint
A
- initial rapid changes in velocity
7
Q
max velocity of a sprint
A
- for elite sprinters, Vmax has reached 70-80m into the race
- ## peak usually happens later in a race
8
Q
deceleration in a sprint
A
- how much does velocity drop off at the end
- all depends on aerobic capacity
- outcome is reported as time which = average velocity
9
Q
assessing speed
A
- atlanta 1996 olympics donnovin bailey 100 m record and michael johnson 400+200m record
- distance matters
- sweet spot for the peak is 40m, most speed assessments are done in this range
- deceleration is important because after the peak, it drops off quick
10
Q
40 yard dash
A
- most famous
- starts still and sprint towards the finish as fast as possible
11
Q
40 yard dash NFL protocol
A
- 3 point stance, on their own time, laser times
- must wear game legal cleats and done on turf
12
Q
norms when assessing speed
A
- protocols for the 40 yard dash are the same for practically sport with exception of distance
- need more data to compare to sport specific
- standing start
13
Q
the “flying start”
A
- max velocity , get athlete to speed up first and then assess btw. 2 points
- rapid acceleration and little deceleration
14
Q
flying sprint tests for 30m
A
- accurately measures vmax of an individual
- set up is the same as 40 yards with a run-in-zone
- should reach first timer at max velocity
- may be influenced by deceleration (alactic capacity)
- save time and effort, obtain multiple measures in a single test
15
Q
why do we test speed?
A
- accelerations importance to the group
- max velocity importance
- max velocity during sport
16
Q
speed considerations
A
- type of surface to run on, must be specific to event ( turf vs track )
- stance (3 point vs standing)
- footwear (spikes + cleats )
- environment (wind, legal winds are +/- 2.0m/s, threatens reliability)
- rest intervals long ang high quality (1 min for every 10 m covered )
- reactive vs. self-starting (reactive times are slower, waiting is more lag)
17
Q
agility
A
- ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction quickly while maintaining good body control
- related to dynamic balance
- whole body coordination
- layers on moving in other planes + speed
- used in most sports and directly related to performance
- require a variety of direction changes and postural alignments
- testing is typically dynamic field tests
18
Q
coordination
A
- movement is well timed, smooth, and efficient, with respect to the intended goal
19
Q
why is agility multifactorial
A
- includes a bunch of different movements and smaller movements to make up those movements, etc.
- cognitive, physical, technical
20
Q
pro-agility / 5-10-5 test
A
- easy difficulty
- need a stopwatch, cones, field/court
- reliability of 0.91
- forward agility
- 3 changes in direction
- can be adapted for travel with a ball, puck, etc.sy
21
Q
t-test agility test
A
- moderate difficulty
- stopwatch, cones, field / court
- reliability of 0.93-0.98
- forward, backward and lateral
- 4 changes in direction
- have to face forward for all movements
- cones have to be touched on the outside with all movements
22
Q
Illinois agility test
A
- start lying on front, head to the start of the line, and hands by shoulders
- push up - run forward through course without knocking cones over
- 3 direction changes; 6 “weaves”
23
Q
agility tests for jobs
A
- can be developed for specific job related activities
- A-PREP (alberta police readiness evaluation for police )
– have to do in order to be fit for work
– specific but requires many agility requirements
24
Q
tire run test
A
- tests “footwork”
- run with high knees to avoid tripping
- travel as quickly as possible through tired (timed)
- usually for football
25
Q
hexagon agility test
A
- agility testing does not need to incorporate running
- assessed footwork
- using two feet, jump in and out of the hexagon without touching lines
- complete 3 full revolutions
- should test clockwise and counter
- 0.5s deduction every time the lines are touched
- good for sports with quick movements (volleyball)
26
Q
length of time for agility tests
A
- short
- tests max ability , alactic power/capacity and glycolytic time frames
- could be longer depending on demands but is rare
27
Q
modality of agility tests
A
- movements should match demands of sport/activity (improves validity)
- time motion analysis
- might be a qualitative assessment depending on activity
28
Q
specificity of agility tests
A
- add equipment or sport/work component
- may need to readjust scoring or timing in some cases
ex. police testing adding 7kg belt to simulate belt in action
29
Q
open skills
A
- performed in a dynamic and changing environment
- usually for sporting/work environments
- involve challenges with unpredicted stimuli
- could explain why results don’t transfer (part can be cognitive and responding to environment )
- decreases standardization in environment
- have to have a balance
30
Q
closed skills
A
- take place in a predictable and static environment
- most agility tests are closed
- set course and set requirements
- best to bring in an element of instability or an open environment to truly assess quickness
31
Q
agility and daily living tasks
A
- can be important for everyday risk avoidance
32
Q
timed up and go test
A
- for seniors
- identifies individuals who might have to go into assisted living
- seated without arms, stand up, walk around course (should be under or at 10s), sit back down
- 10 feet total
- AHS uses cut off 15s for assessing risk of falls
33
Q
dexterity
A
- coordinated hand movements
- smaller fine motor movements
34
Q
box and block test
A
- move as many blocks (one at a time) in 60s
- gross motor skill
35
Q
purdue peg-board
A
- place as many pegs in the board as possible in 30s
- fine motor skills
36
Q
reaction time
A
- acceleration phase
- IAAF designates reaction times <0.100s (100ms) as false starts , cannot detect gun + initiate a movement in that amount of time
- closely related to hand-eye coordination
- important component of agility
37
Q
reaction time ruler test
A
- 1m long ruler
- sit resting elbows on a table so that wrists extend over the side
- hold ruler vertically in the air with zero aligned with thumb and index finger
- without warning, release the ruler as and catch as quickly as possible
- record in m the distance the ruler fell
- repeat several times and take average score
- reaction time (s) is calculated as: t = sqrt (2d/g)
- d = distance the ruler fell in m, g = gravity (9,81)
38
Q
factors affecting reaction time
A
- many different ways to test it
- fine vs gross motor skills
- complexity of movement
- simple movements = simple measurement
- hearing and seeing ability
