preliminary health screening Flashcards
1
Q
principles of informed consent
A
- should be given voluntarily
- should be informed
- can be withdrawn at any time ( consent is ongoing)
- if a participant withdraws, the person can also request the withdrawal of their data or human biological materials
- should address confidentiality
2
Q
informed consent before test includes
A
- test should be read, understood, and duly signed prior to starting test
- test should be self explanatory and describes the nature of appraisal items that will be undertaken and outlines client responsibilities
- test instructions should NOT use medical language
- NOT A WAIVER
- if you are under 18, need a parent/guardian signature
- make sure client understands the process
- does not absolve the appraiser from negligence
3
Q
waivers
A
- signed statement relinquishing some level of “right”
- attempts to cover any accidents that may occur
- may adhere to the same issues as the consent form
- not legally binding
- can aid in the event of a court case
- does not absolve the appraiser from negligence
4
Q
negligence
A
an act or omission that causes harm to another person
5
Q
acts of negligence
A
- trainer has failed to consider pre-existing injuries or medical conditions when developing the training program
- trainer fails to provide appropriate types of exercise/tests
- trainer fails to limit the weights lifted or length of cardiac exercises
- trainer fails to properly supervise the client
6
Q
liability perspective
A
- be a professional
- pre-screening actions are important
- intentions are important
- pre-screening paperwork is important
- don’t make up program as you go
7
Q
risk mitigation perspective
A
- ask before you do
- explain before you do
- listen, answer questions
- get REAL acknowledgements from participants
8
Q
before testing considerations
A
- prior activity of client
- nutrition days before or days of testing
- hydration same as nutrition
- recent travels
- recent illnesses
- sleep
9
Q
preliminary instructions
A
- set up a solid communication process including collecting information and best way of contact
- what else would you want to know if you were a client
- what other information would you want to know before proceeding with testing
10
Q
pre-participation health screening
A
- prior to performing any fitness assessment appropriate screening is required
- should provide a thorough assessment while minimizing barriers to adopting a physically active lifestyle
- identify individuals with medical issues with exercise and ones who have an increased risk for disease (age, symptoms, etc. )
- those with diagnosed medical issues should participate in medically supervised exercise programs (STAY INSIDE SCOPE OF PRACTICE)
11
Q
unnecessary referrals can…
A
- lead to high rates of false-positive exercise test responses in some populations which lead to medical follow-up
- creates unnecessary financial and other burdens on the individual and health care system
12
Q
scope of practice
A
- staying within what you are trained to do
- outlines the responsibilities that you have
13
Q
physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q)
A
- initial self-assessment
- ages 15-69
- used world wide
14
Q
PAR-Q+
A
- determines underlying health issues
- screen people to go back into exercise without seeing a physician unlike the original PAR-Q
- includes additional questions on chronic conditions for further information
- based in systematic reviews of literature
- an “evidence-bases” screening tool
- removes age guidelines
- is inclusive of youth and elderly
- wording changed to remove misunderstanding
- if client answers yet, they proceed to page 2 or 3 of the questionnaire to answer specific questions about their condition
- after additional questions, around 85% of people are screened back in
- reduced individuals needing medical clearance
- valid for 12 months only b/c conditions can change
15
Q
get active questionnaire
A
- 2 pages
- returns to self-assessment model
- all ages
- includes parental assessment for minors
- valid for 6 months
- includes concussion screening
- identifies benefits of exercise in all populations
- advice regarding cautions and directs individuals to consult other health care providers
- self assessment of physical activity
- indicates CURRENT activity guidelines
- self consent
- helps individuals make healthy choices
16
Q
PARmed-X for pregnancy
A
- women are strongly encourages to speak to their healthcare provider
- not longer requires for clinical guideline
- most practitioners require it for liability insurance
- higher risk individuals
- must be filled out with exercise recommendation, signed, stamped, and returned prior to proceeding with testing
- very comprehensive
- absolute and relative exercise
- recommendations for aerobic and muscular activity
- ## general advice for active living and safety considerations
17
Q
basic physiological assessment
A
- heart rate: to identify cardiac irregularities
- blood pressure: to identify hyper or hypotension
18
Q
instructions prior to physiological screening
A
- abstain from smoking at least 2 hours before
- abstain from alcohol at least 6 hours before
- abstain from caffeine 2 hours prior
- avoid a heavy meal 2 hours prior
- avoid vigorous exercise within 6 hours
19
Q
heart rate test parameters for resting
A
- if bpm is 99 or less proceed with appraisal
- if higher than 99, physician clearance is recommended
- elevated HR = tachycardia
- don’t press too hard on the neck HR receptors b/c it drops BP and HR
20
Q
blood pressure parameters
A
- if systolic BP is greater than 160 mmHg and diastolic is greater than 90 mmHg, proceed
- if either or is less than or equal to after second attempt, physician clearance is recommended
- clinical standards are DIFFERENT than in lab
21
Q
white-coat hypertension
A
- BP that increases in stressful situations, but is otherwise normal
- can be due to nervousness or anxiety
- could be an early sign of cardiovascular risk
- should NOT be ignored
- check BP at rest, during, and after exercise if suspected
- stop at anytime and report to physician
22
Q
ACSM pre-screening
A
- conducted by a health/fitness pro
- initially stratified by exercise status
- follows a “logic” model for clarity
- secondary consideration is presence of cardio/metabolic/renal dysfunction
