metabolic screening Flashcards
1
Q
type 1 diabetes
A
- a result of pancreatic beta cell destruction causing impaired insulin secretion
2
Q
type 2 diabetes
A
- insulin resistance
- insulin less effective at facilitating glucose uptake
3
Q
gestational diabetes
A
- glucose intolerance onset during pregnancy
4
Q
glucose measurement importance
A
- important for diagnosis of diabetes
- important for monitoring glucose at rest and following exercise
5
Q
normal levels of glucose for fasting and non fasting when taking from blood
A
- normal blood glucose when fasting should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol/l
- non-fasting is less than 11.1 mmol/L
6
Q
capillary sampling WHO guidelines
A
- select and clean site with alcohol
- puncture the skin with one quick, deliberate poke
- wipe away first drop of blood
- avoid squeezing the finger too tightly because this dilutes the sample with tissue fluid plasma
7
Q
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
A
- normally happens at a fasting state
- taken at baseline, give a sugar drink at a standardized amount
- drink / eat sugar in 5 minute interval
- measure again after 5 hours
8
Q
continuous glucose monitoring
A
- measures glucose constantly
- usually for type 1 diabetes
9
Q
glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)
A
- tells you your average glucose levels over the past 2-3 months
- expressed as a percent
- 6.5 is the cutoff for diabetes
- shows the portion of hemoglobin proteins that hold onto glucose (glycated)
10
Q
advantages for a fasting plasma glucose test
A
- established standard
- fast and easy
- simple sample
- predicts microvascular complications
11
Q
disadvantages for a FPG test
A
- sample not stable
- high day-day variability
- inconvenient (fasting)
- reflects glucose homeostasis at a single point in time
12
Q
advantages of a OGTT test (75g)
A
- established standard
- predicts microvascular complications
13
Q
disadvantages of a OGTT test
A
- sample not stable
- high day-day variability
- inconvenient
- unpalatable
- cost
14
Q
advantages of a A1c test
A
- convenient (measure any time of day)
- single sample
- predicts microvascular complications
- better predictors of macrovascular disease than the others
- low day-day variability
- reflects long-term glucose concentration
15
Q
disadvantages of a A1c test
A
- cost
- misleading in various conditions , anything that effects hemoglobin
- altered by ethnicity and aging
- standardized, validated assay required
- not for diagnostic use in children, adolescents, pregnant women, and those with suspected type 1 diabetes
