anaerobic power and capacity Flashcards
1
Q
anerobic threshold
A
- overlap between energy systems
- occurs before VO2 max
- although there is a shift toward anerobic metabolism, aerobic metabolism continues to increase
- identifies work intensities above the anaerobic metabolism
2
Q
lactate threshold determination (graphs)
A
- single lactate threshold ( greater than 1.0mM of blood lactate)
- regression analysis (intersection of two lines from above and below inflection
- d-max method (largest deviation between the La vs W curve and the line connected the end points
-OBLA of 4mM
3
Q
lactate vs. ventilatory threshold
A
- anaerobic metabolism increases CO2 production
- isocapnic buffering = compensation for rising CO2 (decreasing PH)
- increasing ventilation eliminates CO2 and helps buffer the drop in PH
4
Q
ventilatory threshold determination
A
- v-slope method
5
Q
alactic system power and capacity
A
- 0.1 to 1-3s of power, peak is 5
- capacity is 8-12 seconds, peak is 15
- explosive intensity for power
- all- out intensity for capacity
6
Q
alactic system definition
A
- muscles have a very small storage of ATP
- PCr system can rapidly supply ATP to working muscles
- no lactate or PH changes
- depletion of PCr sets the limit on the system
- drop in output as a result
- Cr and ADP signal shift in primary energy source
7
Q
lactic system power and capacity
A
- 15 - 30 s of power
- 45 - 90 s of capacity, peak is 120s
- all-out intensity for power intensity
- all out intensity for capacity
8
Q
lactic system definition
A
- produces slightly more ATP, but at a lesser rate than the alactic system
- fast and slow pathways
- lactate is made to assist in ATP production
- ph change sets the limit to this system (influenced by buffering capacity, how much we can clear lactate)
9
Q
why assess the anaerobic system
A
- requires quick burst of energy
- ATP synthesis to initiate
- relevant to occupations, sports, and active daily living tasks
10
Q
anaerobic testing considerations
A
- duration
- intensity
- resistance (application of test)
- ergometry
- this is how you isolate the system the best
11
Q
duration
A
- must encompass the time so that peak power or total capacity can be reached or occurs
12
Q
intensity
A
- explosive vs maximal vs supramaximal
- all out from outset or a pre set near/supramaximal intensity setting
- set work rate, a hard start will stay hard
13
Q
resistance
A
- relative (%body mass)
- absolute (kps % grade, speed)
14
Q
ergometry
A
- primary choice, ability to accurately calculate power output, specificity
- can control intensity
15
Q
considerations: tester control
A
- rested state of the individual- ATP-CP stores, glycogen, absence of DOMS as soreness influences the test
- motivation
- ergometry/mode of exercise
- protocol; resistance setting, speed/grade
16
Q
considerations: biological factors
A
- tolerance to pain and buffering capacity
- difference in bicarbonate influences how long we can exercise for
- muscle fiber tyle
- metabolism size
- recruitment
- fitness level
- age and gender
17
Q
margaria-kalamen test
A
- atactic power test ( ATP-PCr)
- running start of 20ft (6m)
- climb the steps 3 at a time
- 1.05 vertical
- power is calculated from kg, height traveled, and time to travel
- need to be very accurate with timing
- need standard/accurate measure of stair height (17.5cm)
18
Q
wingate anaerobic ergometry test
A
- alactic power (ATP - PCr)
- “all out” pedaling test on a monark cycle ergometer
- need to predict grade and amount of resistance
- optimal (high) resistance settings adapted for various populations
- trained 0.095, active 0.085, sedentary 0,075 kg/kg BM
- peak power output is calculated during the first 5 seconds of the test
19
Q
quebec 10 sec test
A
- cycle ergometry
- 2 trials of 10s at resistance of 0.090, use highest total output
- 10s is the range of capacity for ATP-pCr
- trained 0.095, active 0.085, sedentary 0,075 kg/kg BM
20
Q
anerobic glycolysis power
A
- peak glycolytic power output occurs between alactic and aerobic power
- tricky to get the peak
- have to take an average
21
Q
Wingate for glycolytic system
A
- total output in 30s or 90s in a modified test
- can find the average over time
- 90s tests actually finds close to actual failure of the system and is more valid for capacity
22
Q
Cunningham-faulkner test
A
- on a treadmill
- 8mph for men, 7- 7.5 for women
- 20% grade
- timed test, starts when the subject begins to run and stops when they touch the handrails
- time can be converted to total power output
23
Q
boscoe 60s vertical jump test
A
- repetitive jumping using force mat to measure power based on total flight time (total height)
- power calculated from W/kg = ft x 60 x 9.81 / 4n (60-ft)
- can be modified to a 15s test
24
Q
modification for upper body power and capacity
A
- cycle ergometer protocols like the wingate can be modified , same protocol as the 30s test , active males = 0.060, active females = 0.050
- specific to the body part, many have different anaerobic capacities depending on the body part used
- rowing as well
- optimal resistance varied depending on gender and if heavy or light weight rower
- different weights for male + female and lactic and alactic system
25
Q
wingate measures with high utility and robust outcomes
A
- alactic power is the peak of the test
- alactic capacity
- glycoytic power is the total power output
- glycolytic capacity (modification)
- may also be used for fatigueability
26
Q
fatigue indexes
A
- usually calculated as a % drop in Power output
- how long you can achieve power throughout the test / period of time
- indicates loss of muscular performance due to various fatigue factors
– depletion of ATP-PCr (depends on how much you have and how long your body can go)
– accumulation of H+/Ca++ (buffering capacity)
–tolerance to pain
– central command (brain monitors so it will not let your body do things that hurt you)
27
Q
fatigue index of wingate test
A
- FI = {[peak po - low Po) / peak Po} x 100
- same type of calculation can be applied to other related tests
28
Q
work relief ratios
A
- ATP-PCr, work; 5-10s, rest; 15-50s, w:r; 1:3-5
- glycolytic, 30-130s, 60-360s, 1:2-3
- aerobic, 3-8min, 1.5-4 min, 1: 0.3 -1
29
Q
anaerobic field testing
A
- often sport specific
- involve repetitive all out sprint tasks with a timed component
- time is usually an output
30
Q
anaerobic capacity ice skating test
A
- sprint a 12 x a distance of 60 ft
- time is recorded in s
- reliability of 0.96s
- very valid as well
31
Q
FIFA interval sprint test
A
- 6 x 40 m sprint (<1.30 rest in between)
- all intervals <6.2s for international refs
- usually for linesmen and refs
- repetitive all out efforts
32
Q
running based anaerobic sprint tests
A
- 6 x 35 m sprints on track
- 10 sec rest between to allow turn around
- record time to complete all 6 sprints
- power = weight x distance2 / time 3
- from the 6 times you can calculate the power for each run and then determine the max, min, and FI
- looking at the drop over time
33
Q
factors affecting running tests
A
- timing systems vs stop watch
- start stance
- surface
- shoes (cleats/spikes)
- environmental conditions
- corrdination
34
Q
post test consideration
A
- cool-down should be for a min of 5 min of active recovery
- if feeling faint, lay down with feet up
- should assign a buddy to supervise the cool-down
- fruit juice
- there is a high vasodilation in muscles which can make you feel faint
