Speech language Flashcards
what is a speech correctionist
term coined by alexander bell but its a person who focuses on articulation
how did alexander bell contribute to speech
Studied formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style and tone
Designed formal system of speech rehabilitation for the deaf
how did speech practice expand in the states
through nats and theater and public speaking
how did ww1 affect speech
most soldiers came home with hearing loss and communication issues
the american speech language and hearing association roots in?
psych and medicine
in canadian history when did speech become more accesible?
in the 50s because of post war injuries
by definition what is a speech pathologist
medicl proffesional held to certain standards that is an expert in communication and swallowing
what is the definiton of ethics?
the principle of conduct governing an individual or group the process of deciding what is the right thing to do in a moral dilemna
what is cultural competence
the understanding and appropriate responding to the unique
combination of cultural variables that the professional and the client/patient bring
to interactions
to recieve input you need…
visual auditory and tactile
to send output u need
gestural verbal and graphics
what is verbal communication for?
actual, abstract and persuasive
communication
what is nonverbal important for?
judging, emotions and attitudes
what helps to convey message in oral spoken language?
Content, prosody, and superpragmentals
If there is conflict between verbal and nonverbal communication, the nonverbal cues are what
Believed
how is oral spoken language determined 
social and cultural factors 
native speakers have two languages. What are they? 
listening/speaking and reading/writing 
by definition, what is a communication disorder 
impairment and ability to receive comprehend, send messages in any modality 
What areas can communication disorders happen in?
speech, language, cognition, voice, resonance, and hearing
Examples of articulation changes
speech, phonemes, and accents 
examples of prosody changes 
Voice and resonance

examples of sentence structure 
syntax and morphology 
fluency communication disorders
stuttering and cluttering 
voice issues communication disorders
dysphonia and motor speech disorder 
Where is anterior?
Front the first letter of the alphabet is a so it means the front

where is posterior in location to the brain?
The back pee is at the end of the alphabet so it’s at the back

in reference to the body, where is superior

higher than something an example is, the arm is superior to hands 
in location to the body where is inferior
lower
what is medial and lateral
middle and the edge
whats the difference between anatomy and physiology
anatomy is the structures and physiology is how thi gs work
what is the resonatory system
the pharynx throat nasal cavity
what is the phonotoary system
voicing larynx
what is the respitory
trachea lungs alveoli diaphragm
what does the articulatory system do
production of speech sounds
list the skeletal structures of articulation
maxilla
alveolar ridge
mandible
tmj
frontal lobe
tenporal bones
zygomatic bones
if you have an articulation disorder you may have these disorders
articulation phonological and motor speech
If you habe a language disorder
receptive expressive cognitive and hearing disorders
if u have fluency disorders you may have issues with
stuttering and cluttering
If you have voice disorders you may hve issues with
dysphonia and aphonia
if you have a resonance disorder you may have
hypernasality and hyponasality
if you have a cognitive issue thats affecting your speech you may have
dementia
Muscle structures of articulation
lips
orbicularis oris
buccinator and masseter
skeletal system in tongue
tongue primary articulator
dentition
what does resonance mean
quality of the voice that results from the vibration in the vocal tract
what are the structures in resonance?
Hard palate and alveolar ridge
velum
pharynx
nasal cavity
Velopharyngeal mechanism
what is the velopharyngeal mechanimand what is its purpose?
Includes soft palate and pharayngeal wall
proper resonance
making oral and nasal sounds
what are the systems in the phonotory system
Larynx
thiroid and cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
false and true folds
process of phonation
vocal folds close
Air from trachea to closed vocal folds
Air pressure builds andpressure increases below the vocal cords
vocal folds open
lungs are exhaling
Vocal folds close again
Air to the mouth to create a sound
whats the importance of the phonotary system
creates our voice
what is frequency whatis it measured in
perceived as pitch and its measured in hz
Whats is intensity and what does it do
perceived as loudness
it describes vocal folds that open and close
whats intonation for
subtle changes in pitch loudness and duration
whats the respitory system good for
controls breathing and supplies oxygenated blood to the body
its responsible for producing speech
whats the structure of respitory system
thorax
upper part of trunk
holds the lungs and heart
what are the lungs made of
alveolar sacs
whats the process of quiet breathing
inhaled air through the nostrils from the nasal cavity to the larynx then opens the vocal folds
air continues through the trachea
the air then divides into both sides of the lungs through the bronchi
how many muscles are responsible for respiration
26 pairs
what is the diaphragm used for
primairy muscle for respiration
inhale = moves down
exhale = moves up
when the diaphragm is moved down what happens to the volume in the thoracic cavity
its increased
in the nervous system the brain is divided into two sides what for?
Left: speech language and motor
right: cognition semantics and communications
what is the frontal lobe for?
prefrontal cortex is for executive functions and cognition
what are the parietal lobes for
left side recieves sensation for the right side of the body
Right side =left side
what are 4 sensations that the parietal lobe uses
sensation in hands and faces
taste from the tongue
tactile
temp touch pressure pain
whats the temporal lobe important for
language processing and auditory comprehension
what is heschls gyrus responsible for?
perceives sounds
where is the wernickes area found
temporal lobe left hemisphere only
what does wernickes area do
receives signals of perceived sound and interrupts the meaning and processing
what is the occipital lobe responsible for
impulses travelling down the optic nerve
there for visual images
what are the four parts of the CNS
brain, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord
what is the cerebellum responsible for
maintains balance and equillibrium
What is the brainstem responsible for
Connect brain to spinal cord it controlls face mouth and the larynx
where are the cranial nerves in location to the brain
on the brainstem on the pons and medulla
theres 12 pairs of cranial nerves that exit brainstem
How many nerves are used for speech
7
What is the spinal cords job
it sends sensory and motor impulses to the brain
There are nerve fibers and the spinal cord is protected by the vertbral column
what is the trigeminal V and face nerves VII for
trigeminal: face and jaws
facial: face and tongue
what is the hearing and balance cranial nerve called
vestibulocochlear or auditory viii
what is the cranial nerve called thats responsible for the tongue and pharynx
glossopharyngeal IV
what is the vagus X cranial nerve responsible for
larynx respiration heart think of nose for breathing
what are the neck / sholder and tongue / neck cranial nerves called?
accessory xi = neck and sholder
hypoglossal xii = tongue and neck
what does the peripheral nervous system responsible for?
all the nerves that exit from the brainstem or the spinal cord
if a nerve exits the brain stem what is the nerve called
cranial nerve
where do the spinal nerves exit
spinal nerves
the pns allows what system to communicate info to the body
sensory and motor
what are false vocal folds
they sit on top of true vocal folds and vibrate but they dont support vocal movement
whats the difference between speech and language development
speech development focuses on individual sounds and focuses on helping individuals communicate their feelings
language development focuses on sounds and words as well as communication styles
In refrence to learning speech what is behavioural theory?
language is learned thru imitation reinforcment and practice
what is parantese
high pitch tone parents speak to children
give an example of behaviour therapy in real life pediatric
when a bby says mama as being picked up
what is nativist theory in speech
speech and language are activated when exposed to stimuli
an example of nativist theory in childrens speech?
Teaching a child when and how to use plurals and progressives
what is semantic and cognitive theory in relation to speech
Semantic meaning preceds syntactic form
Whats an example of semantic cognitive theory
turn taking game and book reading as a stimuli
what is the card method
complexity amound rate and duration
these things are all. important to think about when a child is having difficulties wirh langauge development
(birth - 6 months) with in speech development
lots of glottal sounds
limited control of soft palate
(birth - 6 months) charaxteristics language development
learn thru senses and reflexes crying and grunts
(6 - 12months) with in speech development
they start producing vowels but its not yet intentional
teeth and tongue are developing
(6 - 12months) with in language development
Start using facial expressions
start to learn what they like
whats a sign of hearing loss in children
if the child isnt babbling by 8 months
what are signs for a child having a visual impairment issue
they have a narrow use of words and use higher intonation
12-24months of speech and lang dev characteristics?
Speech: babbling and true words 50% intelligible
Lang: expand vocabulary
MLU: 2-2.5
2yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?
Speech: primary form of communication
Lang: have own opinions
Approx 300 word vocab
3/4yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?
Language: grammatical morphemes learnt
6-12yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?
speech: adjust to audience
Lang: complex sentences
what is a phonological disorder
several phoneme errors that create patterns
what are the most common articulation disorder errors?
soda: substitutions, omissions, distortions and additions
what does treatment for articulation disorders depend on?
the child age
the type of speech errors
the severity
and how intelligble there speech is
prior to an assesment what info should you know about the child? 5pts
birth and development history
medical and fam history
speech and lang dev
hearing difficulties
school history
what is rapport building
where the child gets comfy w clinician and plays with toys the clinician begins to ask structured questions
whats receptive language?
the ability to understand and comprehend the spoken language that one reads or hears
whats expressive language
the ability to make requests make choices ask questions answer and describe events
what is a hearing screening
a hearing test we can report if they pass or fail
make reccomendations and will refer to audiologist
What is an oral mechanism exam OME
assess facial features, physiology, and dental structure
what is a speech sample
recording speech and writing out what words and understood and - for not understood
from this test several areas can be assesed
whats a structures articulation assesment
often asking children to name a set of pictures
Analyze initial medial and final position sounds
what does stimulability mean?
If a child can correctly imitate a sound but cant say on own
what is a phonological assesment?
assess sound processes and look for phonological patterns
what is language screening
look at the child’s oral-motor movements
speech (how your child pronounces sounds) and language (how your child comprehends and processes information
often refer to audiologist
what are treatment steps for articulation disorders
1) listen for target sounds = aud bombardment
2)stimuability
3) CV, VC and CVC words
4) sentences and storytelling
what is orofacial myofunctional disorder
abnormal movement patterns of the face and mouth
signs of omd Orofacial myofunctional disorder
mouth breathing
limited tongue movement
drooling beyond 2 years
what is the treatment for phonological disorders
teach whole sound class at a time
practice voicing and contrasting phonemes
