Speech language Flashcards
1
Q
what is a speech correctionist
A
term coined by alexander bell but its a person who focuses on articulation
2
Q
how did alexander bell contribute to speech
A
Studied formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style and tone
Designed formal system of speech rehabilitation for the deaf
3
Q
how did speech practice expand in the states
A
through nats and theater and public speaking
4
Q
how did ww1 affect speech
A
most soldiers came home with hearing loss and communication issues
5
Q
the american speech language and hearing association roots in?
A
psych and medicine
6
Q
in canadian history when did speech become more accesible?
A
in the 50s because of post war injuries
7
Q
by definition what is a speech pathologist
A
medicl proffesional held to certain standards that is an expert in communication and swallowing
8
Q
what is the definiton of ethics?
A
the principle of conduct governing an individual or group the process of deciding what is the right thing to do in a moral dilemna
9
Q
what is cultural competence
A
the understanding and appropriate responding to the unique
combination of cultural variables that the professional and the client/patient bring
to interactions
10
Q
to recieve input you need…
A
visual auditory and tactile
11
Q
to send output u need
A
gestural verbal and graphics
12
Q
what is verbal communication for?
A
actual, abstract and persuasive
communication
13
Q
what is nonverbal important for?
A
judging, emotions and attitudes
14
Q
what helps to convey message in oral spoken language?
A
Content, prosody, and superpragmentals
15
Q
If there is conflict between verbal and nonverbal communication, the nonverbal cues are what
A
Believed
16
Q
how is oral spoken language determined 
A
social and cultural factors 
17
Q
native speakers have two languages. What are they? 
A
listening/speaking and reading/writing 
18
Q
by definition, what is a communication disorder 
A
impairment and ability to receive comprehend, send messages in any modality 
19
Q
What areas can communication disorders happen in?
A
speech, language, cognition, voice, resonance, and hearing
20
Q
Examples of articulation changes
A
speech, phonemes, and accents 
21
Q
examples of prosody changes 
A
Voice and resonance

22
Q
examples of sentence structure 
A
syntax and morphology 
23
Q
fluency communication disorders
A
stuttering and cluttering 
24
Q
voice issues communication disorders
A
dysphonia and motor speech disorder 
25
Where is anterior?
Front the first letter of the alphabet is a so it means the front

26
where is posterior in location to the brain?
The back pee is at the end of the alphabet so it’s at the back

27
in reference to the body, where is superior

higher than something an example is, the arm is superior to hands 
28
in location to the body where is inferior
lower
29
what is medial and lateral
middle and the edge
30
whats the difference between anatomy and physiology
anatomy is the structures and physiology is how thi gs work
31
what is the resonatory system
the pharynx throat nasal cavity
32
what is the phonotoary system
voicing larynx
33
what is the respitory
trachea lungs alveoli diaphragm
34
what does the articulatory system do
production of speech sounds
35
list the skeletal structures of articulation
maxilla
alveolar ridge
mandible
tmj
frontal lobe
tenporal bones
zygomatic bones
36
if you have an articulation disorder you may have these disorders
articulation phonological and motor speech
37
If you habe a language disorder
receptive expressive cognitive and hearing disorders
38
if u have fluency disorders you may have issues with
stuttering and cluttering
39
If you have voice disorders you may hve issues with
dysphonia and aphonia
40
if you have a resonance disorder you may have
hypernasality and hyponasality
41
if you have a cognitive issue thats affecting your speech you may have
dementia
42
Muscle structures of articulation
lips
orbicularis oris
buccinator and masseter
43
skeletal system in tongue
tongue primary articulator
dentition
44
what does resonance mean
quality of the voice that results from the vibration in the vocal tract
45
what are the structures in resonance?
Hard palate and alveolar ridge
velum
pharynx
nasal cavity
Velopharyngeal mechanism
46
what is the velopharyngeal mechanimand what is its purpose?
Includes soft palate and pharayngeal wall
proper resonance
making oral and nasal sounds
47
what are the systems in the phonotory system
Larynx
thiroid and cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
false and true folds
48
process of phonation
vocal folds close
Air from trachea to closed vocal folds
Air pressure builds andpressure increases below the vocal cords
vocal folds open
lungs are exhaling
Vocal folds close again
Air to the mouth to create a sound
49
whats the importance of the phonotary system
creates our voice
50
what is frequency whatis it measured in
perceived as pitch and its measured in hz
51
Whats is intensity and what does it do
perceived as loudness
it describes vocal folds that open and close
52
whats intonation for
subtle changes in pitch loudness and duration
53
whats the respitory system good for
controls breathing and supplies oxygenated blood to the body
its responsible for producing speech
54
whats the structure of respitory system
thorax
upper part of trunk
holds the lungs and heart
55
what are the lungs made of
alveolar sacs
56
whats the process of quiet breathing
inhaled air through the nostrils from the nasal cavity to the larynx then opens the vocal folds
air continues through the trachea
the air then divides into both sides of the lungs through the bronchi
57
how many muscles are responsible for respiration
26 pairs
58
what is the diaphragm used for
primairy muscle for respiration
inhale = moves down
exhale = moves up
59
when the diaphragm is moved down what happens to the volume in the thoracic cavity
its increased
60
in the nervous system the brain is divided into two sides what for?
Left: speech language and motor
right: cognition semantics and communications
61
what is the frontal lobe for?
prefrontal cortex is for executive functions and cognition
62
what are the parietal lobes for
left side recieves sensation for the right side of the body
Right side =left side
63
what are 4 sensations that the parietal lobe uses
sensation in hands and faces
taste from the tongue
tactile
temp touch pressure pain
64
whats the temporal lobe important for
language processing and auditory comprehension
65
what is heschls gyrus responsible for?
perceives sounds
66
where is the wernickes area found
temporal lobe left hemisphere only
67
what does wernickes area do
receives signals of perceived sound and interrupts the meaning and processing
68
what is the occipital lobe responsible for
impulses travelling down the optic nerve
there for visual images
69
what are the four parts of the CNS
brain, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord
70
what is the cerebellum responsible for
maintains balance and equillibrium
71
What is the brainstem responsible for
Connect brain to spinal cord it controlls face mouth and the larynx
72
where are the cranial nerves in location to the brain
on the brainstem on the pons and medulla
theres 12 pairs of cranial nerves that exit brainstem
73
How many nerves are used for speech
7
74
What is the spinal cords job
it sends sensory and motor impulses to the brain
There are nerve fibers and the spinal cord is protected by the vertbral column
75
what is the trigeminal V and face nerves VII for
trigeminal: face and jaws
facial: face and tongue
76
what is the hearing and balance cranial nerve called
vestibulocochlear or auditory viii
77
what is the cranial nerve called thats responsible for the tongue and pharynx
glossopharyngeal IV
78
what is the vagus X cranial nerve responsible for
larynx respiration heart think of nose for breathing
79
what are the neck / sholder and tongue / neck cranial nerves called?
accessory xi = neck and sholder
hypoglossal xii = tongue and neck
80
what does the peripheral nervous system responsible for?
all the nerves that exit from the brainstem or the spinal cord
81
if a nerve exits the brain stem what is the nerve called
cranial nerve
82
where do the spinal nerves exit
spinal nerves
83
the pns allows what system to communicate info to the body
sensory and motor
84
what are false vocal folds
they sit on top of true vocal folds and vibrate but they dont support vocal movement
85
whats the difference between speech and language development
speech development focuses on individual sounds and focuses on helping individuals communicate their feelings
language development focuses on sounds and words as well as communication styles
86
In refrence to learning speech what is behavioural theory?
language is learned thru imitation reinforcment and practice
87
what is parantese
high pitch tone parents speak to children
88
give an example of behaviour therapy in real life pediatric
when a bby says mama as being picked up
89
what is nativist theory in speech
speech and language are activated when exposed to stimuli
90
an example of nativist theory in childrens speech?
Teaching a child when and how to use plurals and progressives
91
what is semantic and cognitive theory in relation to speech
Semantic meaning preceds syntactic form
92
Whats an example of semantic cognitive theory
turn taking game and book reading as a stimuli
93
what is the card method
complexity amound rate and duration
these things are all. important to think about when a child is having difficulties wirh langauge development
94
(birth - 6 months) with in speech development
lots of glottal sounds
limited control of soft palate
95
(birth - 6 months) charaxteristics language development
learn thru senses and reflexes crying and grunts
96
(6 - 12months) with in speech development
they start producing vowels but its not yet intentional
teeth and tongue are developing
97
(6 - 12months) with in language development
Start using facial expressions
start to learn what they like
98
whats a sign of hearing loss in children
if the child isnt babbling by 8 months
99
what are signs for a child having a visual impairment issue
they have a narrow use of words and use higher intonation
100
12-24months of speech and lang dev characteristics?
Speech: babbling and true words 50% intelligible
Lang: expand vocabulary
MLU: 2-2.5
101
2yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?
Speech: primary form of communication
Lang: have own opinions
Approx 300 word vocab
102
3/4yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?
Language: grammatical morphemes learnt
103
6-12yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?
speech: adjust to audience
Lang: complex sentences
104
what is a phonological disorder
several phoneme errors that create patterns
105
what are the most common articulation disorder errors?
soda: substitutions, omissions, distortions and additions
106
what does treatment for articulation disorders depend on?
the child age
the type of speech errors
the severity
and how intelligble there speech is
107
prior to an assesment what info should you know about the child? 5pts
birth and development history
medical and fam history
speech and lang dev
hearing difficulties
school history
108
what is rapport building
where the child gets comfy w clinician and plays with toys the clinician begins to ask structured questions
109
whats receptive language?
the ability to understand and comprehend the spoken language that one reads or hears
110
whats expressive language
the ability to make requests make choices ask questions answer and describe events
111
what is a hearing screening
a hearing test we can report if they pass or fail
make reccomendations and will refer to audiologist
112
What is an oral mechanism exam OME
assess facial features, physiology, and dental structure
113
what is a speech sample
recording speech and writing out what words and understood and - for not understood
from this test several areas can be assesed
114
whats a structures articulation assesment
often asking children to name a set of pictures
Analyze initial medial and final position sounds
115
what does stimulability mean?
If a child can correctly imitate a sound but cant say on own
116
what is a phonological assesment?
assess sound processes and look for phonological patterns
117
what is language screening
look at the child's oral-motor movements
speech (how your child pronounces sounds) and language (how your child comprehends and processes information
often refer to audiologist
118
what are treatment steps for articulation disorders
1) listen for target sounds = aud bombardment
2)stimuability
3) CV, VC and CVC words
4) sentences and storytelling
119
what is orofacial myofunctional disorder
abnormal movement patterns of the face and mouth
120
signs of omd Orofacial myofunctional disorder
mouth breathing
limited tongue movement
drooling beyond 2 years
121
what is the treatment for phonological disorders
teach whole sound class at a time
practice voicing and contrasting phonemes
