Neuro pt 2 Flashcards
wernickes area
comprehension is stated here
brocas area
speech articulation
dorsal stream
Conveys phonological information for articulation
Ventral Stream
conveys semantic information (i.e., assigning meaning)
what hemisphere does language reside in
left hemisphere
left hemisphere does what
Identifies “words” – PET shows temporal activity to FROOP but no activity for FZNQT
¤ Maps graphemes to phonemes
¤ Understands syntax
¤ Produces speech
¤ Converts phonemes to graphemes
right hemispheres
Determines overall theme of discourse
¤ Responsible for humour
¤ Interprets body language and non-verbal sounds to provide additional meaning to speech
¤ Sarcasm, emotional intention, prosody
Brain Stimulation and Surgical Lesions
Electrodes implanted in the brain to determine function of certain areas before surgery
aphasia
Language disorder in speech
agraphia
Language disorder in writing
alexia
language disorder in reading
Broca’s Aphasia
Inability to produce fluent speech, despite relatively intact speech comprehension and intact voice
Wernicke’s Aphasia
First observed by Carl Wernicke in 1885
¤ Damage to left temporal/parietal lobe
¤ Production of fluent, but nonsensical, speech (word salad) ¤ Patients seem completely unaware of their deficit
Conduction aphasia
Damage resulting in an inability to shuttle information between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
Normal (spontaneous) speech production is impaired
Echolalia
Compulsion to repeat something just heard
Pure Word Deafness
Inability to comprehend speech
¤ Able to perceive and recognize other non-verbal sounds
¤ Speech sounds like a foreign language
Phonological Method:
Uses grapheme-to-
phoneme correspondence rules
Whole-Word Method:
“Sight reading”
Allows for recognition of word from memory
Irregular words (yacht, colonel) can only use direct route
phonological alexia
Disruption of phonological route
¤Inability to map phonemes onto graphemes
¤ Cannot sound out unfamiliar words, but can recognize familiar words
¤Familiar words can be read correctly using intact whole-word route
¤Damage to dorsal brain regions
surface alexia
Disruption of whole-word route
¤ Impaired reading of irregular words (e.g., yacht)
¤ Reading of regular words and non-words is preserved
¤ Regular words can be read correctly using intact phonological route
¤ Damage to ventral brain regions
Aprosodia
Loss of ability to produce or comprehend prosody in speech
¤ RH Broca’s area produces prosody
¤ RH Wernicke’s area comprehends prosody
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Double dissociation
Some patients can’t produce
prosody but can understand it
¤ Other patients can produce prosody but can’t understand it
what is emotion?
Internal state and involuntary physiological response to object or situation