Speech/communication

Question 1

What % of Australian children have a speech/language problem 4-5 year of age
What are the consequences

Answer 1

20% of A children have a speech problem
And they are more likely to have literacy problems
46% of young offenders have language impairment

Question 2

Vocal nodules are the most common cause of laryngeal pathology in kids T/F

Answer 2

True 21% males 11% females

Question 3

What are the known risk factors for speech language problem

Answer 3

Family history 
Hearing impairment
Craniofacial abnormality eg cleft palate
Preterm 
ASD/ID
Genetics eg fragile x /Down’s syndrome 
Neglect

Question 4

Language delays types

Answer 4

Receptive does not understand copies / echolasia
Expressive handful of words/ trouble telling a story
Disorder language poor eye contact/echolasia/ limited unusual interaction
Primary delay no other developmental problem
Or 2ary delay assoc with other development problem eg ASD

Question 5

Delayed speech practical strategy

Answer 5

1 creat a language rich environment (playing/reading/take advantage of normal activities eg bathing/feeding)
2 respond to the child’s attempts
3 imitate the child
4 encourage the use of sign/ gestures

Question 6

Unclear speech

Answer 6

Clear speech is to do with pronunciation/ intelligibility of speech

Articulation (eg lisp)
Delay in development
Dyspraxia
Dysarthria weakness of muscles eg CP

Question 7

Refer children with unclear speech

Answer 7

Only using vowel sounds 18/12 of age
Leaving sounds of the beginning and end of words
Generally unclear speech by 3.5years of age
Hyper nasal speech. (? Structural abnormality)

Question 8

Hoarse voice

Answer 8

Most common cause is vocal nodules 
Vocal cysts/ papilloma 
Neurological eg VC palsy
Psychological problems eg teenagers 
Usually the history is of a loud talkative lots of tantrums child often a male 21% males 11% females

Question 9

Treatment of voice hoarse

Answer 9

Ent/ speech therapy
Voice different for different environments inside voice
Good voice care ( no whispering, water, rest)
Manage co morbitidies eg asthma PND allergies

Question 10

Fluency of speech ( stutter )

Answer 10

Motor problem NOT caused by Anxiety 
Some children spontaneously recover hard to predict which ones will
Risks 
If its a big problem 
Family history of stutter 
>3years 
Frustration