Pneumonia Flashcards
How many children does Pneumonia kill worldwide per year
How many kids get Pneumonia
1 million kid die
156 million get pneumonia per year
Biggest killer of kids <5yrs in the world ( after the neonatal period)
In Australia 2nd leading cause of death <5y age grp after the neonatal period. ( leading cause is injury0
<5year old worldwide pneumonia acconts for what proportion of death
1 : 6. Childhood deaths from pneumonia
Prevention of pneumonia
Vaccination Breast feeding Reducing smoking exposure Avoid environmental toxins Good hygiene HIV prevention and treatment
Which vaccination prevent pneumonia (4)
HIB. Pneumvax measles pertussis
ATSI children are more prone to pneumococcal Pneumonia
True 3x increased risk
So they have a different vaccination schedule
3x Prevanar13 and then 4th at 12 months and then PPV23 15years
Pneumonia often starts with an URTI. T/F
TRUE
SIGNS OF PNEUMONIA 2 KEY ONES
FEVER >38 C
TACHYPONEA at rest
Cough may be absent later sign
Where do you listen for the lingue or right ML in the lung
Axial last
Features suggestive of mycoplasma pneumonia
More common in school age children
Assoc symptoms. Headache /rash
Mycoplasma m/o has no cell wall
Wheeze /creptitations bilaterally
CXR bilateral worse than clinical presentation diffuse changes Bronchopneumonia
Diagnosis serology /cultures
Treatment Roxithromycin/azithromycin/ EES. Macrolide antibiotics
What things should you consider in TB with ? Pneumonia
Visiting an endemic region
Close Relative with active TB
Travel
With a history of travel what chest infections should you consider
Measles TB fungi
Risk factors for pneumonia
Premature infant Smoke exposure Low SES Chronic lung disease Chronic heart disease CF, Cilary dysfunction, Immunological def congenital or acquired Abnormal swallow or cough reflex. ( neuromuscular)
Pneumonia severity assessment
Mild oxygen sat normal (>92%) Normal color Temp <38.5 No or mild resp distress Normal heart rate Normal capillary refill
Severe Pneumonia Hypoxia ( O2 <92%) Cyanosis Mod-severe resp distress Difficulty breathing Temp>38.5 Altered mental status Or they have pneumonia with sepsis ( raised HR/LOW BP/cap refill slow)OR pneumonia with eye a
Pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis don’t need tests but which ones would you consider
MICRO Sputum c/s Viral NPA culture nad Pcr PNA pertussis Blood cultures?sepsis Mycoplasma/chlamydia
CXR not necessary in mild P CRP not necessary does not dd viral/bacterial FBC may aid dd viral/bacterial TB Histoplasmosis birds/bats
Who do you admit with Pneumonia
Severe pneumonia
People not getting better with mild
Children <12/12 of age
