spectrum Flashcards
cotrimoxazole
enterobacteriaceae (typhi, serratia, Klebsiella, yersinia) pneumocystis jiroveci, staph and strepto, H influenza, gonococci and meningococci
sufonamides
most gram positive and gram negative aerobes, Chlamydiae, actinomycetes, nocardia, Toxoplasma
quinolones (flourination at 6 and piperazine at 7 th position)
gram negative mostly
newer fq also inhibit gram positive
nalidixic acid
gram negative coliforms
not pseudomonas
newer fq
gram negative, gram positive and anaerobes
ciprofloxacin
gram negative aerobes (enterobacteriaceae, neisseria) MIC <0.1 MICROGRAM/ML
hemophilous
campylobacter
vibrio
pseudomonas pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
ciprofloxacin
resistant typhoid
cirpofloxacin
ofloxacin
gram positive, anaerobes, (somewhat less gram negative) m tb (resistant), leprae
levooflxacin
streptococcus pneumoniae, gram positive and negative
moderate - anaerobes
lamofloxacin
gram negative bacteria, Chlamydiae, and rest like ciprofloxacin
sparfloxacin
gram positive, anaerobes, bacillus fragilis
moxifloxacin
strept. pneumonia, gram positive, some anerobes, tb, beta lactam resistant
gemifloxacin
aerobic gram positive, some mdr
prulifloxacin
gram positive and negative
gentamicin (and amikacin)
coli, Klebsiella, pneumoniae, enterobacter, influenza, proteus, serratia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staph aureus, strept fecalis, listeria, yersinia, citrobacter, fransisella, brucella, campylobacter
netilmicin
Klebsiella, enterobacter, staphylococcus
neomycin
most gram negative bacillus, some gram positive cocci
macrolides
gram positive, some gram negative
static at low concentrations
cidal at high
erythromycin
positive, some negative like PnG (strept pyogenes, pneumonia n gonnorhea clostridium diphtheriae listeria) unlike pnG (catarha, mycoplasma, campylobacter, legionella, g. vaginalis)
clarithromycin
(acid stable)
mycobacterium mac in aids anaerobes pylori 1-2 weeks mycoplasma pneumonia moraxella legionella strept pyogenes staph aureus
cross resistance with erythromycin
azithromycin
(azalide congener of erythromycin)
mac
PP staph aureus
influenza
respiratory pathogens
cross resistance with erythromycin
LARGE INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION
respiratory pathogens
mycoplasma, Chlamydiae pneumoniae, trachomatis, legionella, moraxella, campylobacter, ducreyi, calymm granulomatis, N. gonorrhea
clindamycin
gram positive cocci (except mrsa) clostridium perfringes diphtheria nocardia toxoplasmosis actinomycetes plasmodia anaerobic bacteria like BACTERIA FRAGILIS
accumulation in macrophages and neutrophils