Drugs Flashcards
classification
1
Q
chloroquine
A
4-aminoquinolones
malaria
2
Q
amodiaquine
A
4-qminoquinolones
malaria
3
Q
piperaquin
A
4-aminoquinolones
malaria
4
Q
mefloquine
A
quinolones methanol
5
Q
quinine
A
cinchona alkaloids
6
Q
quinidine
A
cinchona alkaloids
7
Q
proguanil
A
biguanide
malaria
8
Q
pyrimethamine
A
diaminopyrimidine
malaria
9
Q
primaquine
A
8-aminoquinolones
malaria
10
Q
tafenoquine
A
8-aminoquinolones
11
Q
sulfadoxine
A
sulfonamide
malaria
12
Q
sulfamethopyrazine
A
sulfonamide
malaria
13
Q
dapsone
A
sulfone
malaria
14
Q
tetracyclines
A
antibiotics
malaria
15
Q
Doxycycline
A
antibiotics
malaria
16
Q
clindamycin
A
antibiotics
malaria
17
Q
artesunate
A
sesquiterpine lactone
18
Q
artemether
A
sesquiterpine lactone
19
Q
arteether
A
sesquiterpine lactone
malaria
20
Q
aeterolane
A
sesquiterpine lactone
malaria
21
Q
halofantrine
A
amino alcohol
Malaria
22
Q
lumefantrine
A
amino alcohol
malaria
23
Q
pyronaridine
A
naphthyridine
malaria
24
Q
atovaquone
A
naphthoquinone
25
radical cure - vivax, ovale, malariae
exoerythrocytic schizonticides
primaquine 14 days 15 mg (if g6pd deficiency negative)
tafenoquine
26
gametocidal
primaquine - all species - 45mg - single dose
artemisinin - early stages
proguanil
pyrimethamine
27
chloroquine
erythrocytic schizonticides
28
chloroquine resistance
decreased ability to concentrate chloroquine
pfcrt - pump out cq from plasmodium
29
resistance because of pfmdr glycoprotein
quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine
30
vivax cq resistant
quinine and Doxycycline/clindamycin
or ACT
31
chloroquine
entamoeba histolytica
giardia lamblia
plasmodium
- antiinflammatory,
anesthetic, antihistaminic, antiarrhythmic (iv injection ppt arrhythmia), weak sm relaxant
32
chloroquine
ocular toxicity
33
chloroquine half life
3-10 days - early
| 1-2 months - terminal
34
cq ADR
```
retinal damage
corneal deposits
arrhythmia
loss of hearing
seizures, porphyria, psoriasis
```
35
CQ uses
```
parasitemia in malaria
extra intestinal amoebiasis
rheumatoid arthritis
discoid lupus erythematosus
lepra reaction
photogenic reaction
infectious mononucleosis
```
36
amodiaquine
```
less bitter
uncomplicated falciparum
hepatotoxicity on prolonged use
side effects like cq (less itching)
neutropenia seen
```
37
mefloquine
erythrocytic schizonticides
wide distribution
enterohepatic circulation
resistance by mutation in pfmdrl, pfctr
38
mefloquine uses
cq resistant pf in ACT
| prophylaxis of malaria in travellers
39
mefloquine
side effects- n, v, neuropsychiatric, bradycardia, qtc prolongation
40
mefloquine resistance
pfmdrl, pfctr mutations
41
mepacrine
(acridine derivative)
erythrocytic schizonticides
nowadays uses for giardia, tapeworm
42
quinine
```
l-alkaloid
erythrocytic schizonticides + kill vivax gametes
cross resistance- with mq
haem complex - damage membrane
resistance mutation pfmdr
bound to alpha acid gp
cyp3a4 metabolism
urine excretion
```
43
adr - quinine
```
irritant, anesthetic
increase gastric secretion
increase insulin
decrease contractile power of skeletal muscle
contract myometrium - abortion
```
44
cinchonism
```
nausea, vomiting
Ctz stimulation
head ache
mental confusion
vertigo
deafness, blindness
diarrhea, blushing, sweating
```
higher dose - exaggerated symptoms + delirium, fever, tachypnoea, respiratory depression, pulmonary edema, hypoglycemia, weakness prostration, hypotension, arrhythmia
some - idiosyncratic
occasionally - hemolysis - hemoglobinuria - black water fever
45
quinine - uses
2nd line treatment in uncomplicated cq resistant falciparum malaria
complicated and severe malaria/ cerebral malaria (side effect - hyperinsulinemia) - supportive tx needed
46
proguanil
erythrocytic schizonticide
inhibits preerythrocytic stages, gametes fail to develop properly in mosquitos
convert into cyclic triazine ring - inhibits DHFRase
oral - 16-20 hours - liver metabolism - urine
side effects - mild abdominal
combination - with atovaquone
47
pyrimethamine
inhibition of DHFRASE
erythrocytic schizonticides
resistance by mutation DHFRase
oral - certain organs - 4 days- urine
48
pyrimethamine - use/adr
falciparum (with dapsone or as S/P)
Adr - rashes, nausea, high doses - megaloblastic anemia and granulocytopenia (tx by folinic acid)
49
secnidazole
nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicides
both intestinal and extraintestinal
50
satranidazole
nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicides
both intestinal and extraintestinal
51
ornidazole
nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicide
both intestinal and extraintestinal
52
metronidazole
nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicide
both intestinal and extraintestinal
53
tinidazole
nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicide
both intestinal and extraintestinal
54
chloroquine
alkaloids
tissue amoebicide
only extraintestinal
55
diloxanide furoate
amide
| luminal amoebicide
56
nitazoxanide
amide
| luminal amoebicide
57
quiniodochlor
iodochlorohydroxyquine, clioquinol
8-hydroxyquinolines
luminal amoebicide
58
diiodohydroxyquin
8 hydroxy quinolines
| luminal amoebicide
59
tetracyclines
antibiotics
| luminal amoebicide
60
paromomycin
antibiotika
| luminal amoebicide
61
metronidazole
anaerobic protozoans, bacterias
| facilitates extraction of dracunculus
62
metronidazole mechanism of action
nitro group of metronidazole - in presence of anaerobic organism redox proteins - reactive nitrogroup
reactive nitrogroup takes electron from pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (anaerobic organism's biological acceptor cannot take that electron - respiration suffers)
anaerobic environment - inhibits reductive activation of nitrogroup
63
metronidazole resistance
mechanism for reductive activation - lost
| pfor - levels - decrease
64
metronidazole
absorbed - intestines -
therapeutic concentration in vagina, semen, csf, saliva
oxidation - glucuronide conjugation - urine excretion
65
adverse effects - metronidazole
loose stool, abd cramps, loose stools, glossitis, cutaneous reactions, neuropathy, cns effects, seizures, neutropenia, thrombophlebitis
66
disulfiram like intolerance to alcohol
metronidazole
67
metronidazole
enzyme inhibitor
68
cimetidine
enzyme inhibitor
