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Pharmacology (personal) > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

classification

1
Q

chloroquine

A

4-aminoquinolones

malaria

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2
Q

amodiaquine

A

4-qminoquinolones

malaria

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3
Q

piperaquin

A

4-aminoquinolones

malaria

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4
Q

mefloquine

A

quinolones methanol

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5
Q

quinine

A

cinchona alkaloids

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6
Q

quinidine

A

cinchona alkaloids

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7
Q

proguanil

A

biguanide

malaria

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8
Q

pyrimethamine

A

diaminopyrimidine

malaria

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9
Q

primaquine

A

8-aminoquinolones

malaria

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10
Q

tafenoquine

A

8-aminoquinolones

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11
Q

sulfadoxine

A

sulfonamide

malaria

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12
Q

sulfamethopyrazine

A

sulfonamide

malaria

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13
Q

dapsone

A

sulfone

malaria

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14
Q

tetracyclines

A

antibiotics

malaria

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15
Q

Doxycycline

A

antibiotics

malaria

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16
Q

clindamycin

A

antibiotics

malaria

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17
Q

artesunate

A

sesquiterpine lactone

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18
Q

artemether

A

sesquiterpine lactone

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19
Q

arteether

A

sesquiterpine lactone

malaria

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20
Q

aeterolane

A

sesquiterpine lactone

malaria

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21
Q

halofantrine

A

amino alcohol

Malaria

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22
Q

lumefantrine

A

amino alcohol

malaria

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23
Q

pyronaridine

A

naphthyridine

malaria

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24
Q

atovaquone

A

naphthoquinone

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25
Q

radical cure - vivax, ovale, malariae

A

exoerythrocytic schizonticides

primaquine 14 days 15 mg (if g6pd deficiency negative)
tafenoquine

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26
Q

gametocidal

A

primaquine - all species - 45mg - single dose
artemisinin - early stages
proguanil
pyrimethamine

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27
Q

chloroquine

A

erythrocytic schizonticides

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28
Q

chloroquine resistance

A

decreased ability to concentrate chloroquine

pfcrt - pump out cq from plasmodium

29
Q

resistance because of pfmdr glycoprotein

A

quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine

30
Q

vivax cq resistant

A

quinine and Doxycycline/clindamycin

or ACT

31
Q

chloroquine

A

entamoeba histolytica
giardia lamblia
plasmodium

  • antiinflammatory,
    anesthetic, antihistaminic, antiarrhythmic (iv injection ppt arrhythmia), weak sm relaxant
32
Q

chloroquine

A

ocular toxicity

33
Q

chloroquine half life

A

3-10 days - early

1-2 months - terminal

34
Q

cq ADR

A 
retinal damage
corneal deposits
arrhythmia
loss of hearing
seizures, porphyria, psoriasis
35
Q

CQ uses

A 
parasitemia in malaria
extra intestinal amoebiasis
rheumatoid arthritis
discoid lupus erythematosus
lepra reaction
photogenic reaction
infectious mononucleosis
36
Q

amodiaquine

A 
less bitter
uncomplicated falciparum
hepatotoxicity on prolonged use
side effects like cq (less itching)
neutropenia seen
37
Q

mefloquine

A

erythrocytic schizonticides
wide distribution
enterohepatic circulation
resistance by mutation in pfmdrl, pfctr

38
Q

mefloquine uses

A

cq resistant pf in ACT

prophylaxis of malaria in travellers

39
Q

mefloquine

A

side effects- n, v, neuropsychiatric, bradycardia, qtc prolongation

40
Q

mefloquine resistance

A

pfmdrl, pfctr mutations

41
Q

mepacrine

A

(acridine derivative)
erythrocytic schizonticides

nowadays uses for giardia, tapeworm

42
Q

quinine

A 
l-alkaloid
erythrocytic schizonticides + kill vivax gametes
cross resistance- with mq
haem complex - damage membrane
resistance mutation pfmdr
bound to alpha acid gp
cyp3a4 metabolism
urine excretion
43
Q

adr - quinine

A 
irritant, anesthetic
increase gastric secretion
increase insulin
decrease contractile power of skeletal muscle
contract myometrium - abortion
44
Q

cinchonism

A 
nausea, vomiting
Ctz stimulation
head ache
mental confusion
vertigo
deafness, blindness
diarrhea, blushing, sweating

higher dose - exaggerated symptoms + delirium, fever, tachypnoea, respiratory depression, pulmonary edema, hypoglycemia, weakness prostration, hypotension, arrhythmia

some - idiosyncratic

occasionally - hemolysis - hemoglobinuria - black water fever

45
Q

quinine - uses

A

2nd line treatment in uncomplicated cq resistant falciparum malaria

complicated and severe malaria/ cerebral malaria (side effect - hyperinsulinemia) - supportive tx needed

46
Q

proguanil

A

erythrocytic schizonticide
inhibits preerythrocytic stages, gametes fail to develop properly in mosquitos

convert into cyclic triazine ring - inhibits DHFRase

oral - 16-20 hours - liver metabolism - urine

side effects - mild abdominal

combination - with atovaquone

47
Q

pyrimethamine

A

inhibition of DHFRASE
erythrocytic schizonticides
resistance by mutation DHFRase

oral - certain organs - 4 days- urine

48
Q

pyrimethamine - use/adr

A

falciparum (with dapsone or as S/P)

Adr - rashes, nausea, high doses - megaloblastic anemia and granulocytopenia (tx by folinic acid)

49
Q

secnidazole

A

nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicides
both intestinal and extraintestinal

50
Q

satranidazole

A

nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicides
both intestinal and extraintestinal

51
Q

ornidazole

A

nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicide
both intestinal and extraintestinal

52
Q

metronidazole

A

nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicide
both intestinal and extraintestinal

53
Q

tinidazole

A

nitroimidazole
tissue amoebicide
both intestinal and extraintestinal

54
Q

chloroquine

A

alkaloids
tissue amoebicide
only extraintestinal

55
Q

diloxanide furoate

A

amide

luminal amoebicide

56
Q

nitazoxanide

A

amide

luminal amoebicide

57
Q

quiniodochlor

A

iodochlorohydroxyquine, clioquinol
8-hydroxyquinolines
luminal amoebicide

58
Q

diiodohydroxyquin

A

8 hydroxy quinolines

luminal amoebicide

59
Q

tetracyclines

A

antibiotics

luminal amoebicide

60
Q

paromomycin

A

antibiotika

luminal amoebicide

61
Q

metronidazole

A

anaerobic protozoans, bacterias

facilitates extraction of dracunculus

62
Q

metronidazole mechanism of action

A

nitro group of metronidazole - in presence of anaerobic organism redox proteins - reactive nitrogroup
reactive nitrogroup takes electron from pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (anaerobic organism’s biological acceptor cannot take that electron - respiration suffers)

anaerobic environment - inhibits reductive activation of nitrogroup

63
Q

metronidazole resistance

A

mechanism for reductive activation - lost

pfor - levels - decrease

64
Q

metronidazole

A

absorbed - intestines -
therapeutic concentration in vagina, semen, csf, saliva
oxidation - glucuronide conjugation - urine excretion

65
Q

adverse effects - metronidazole

A

loose stool, abd cramps, loose stools, glossitis, cutaneous reactions, neuropathy, cns effects, seizures, neutropenia, thrombophlebitis

66
Q

disulfiram like intolerance to alcohol

A

metronidazole

67
Q

metronidazole

A

enzyme inhibitor

68
Q

cimetidine

A

enzyme inhibitor

Pharmacology (personal) (21 decks)

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