resistance

Question 1

gram negative bacilli

Answer 1

penicillin g

Question 2

aerobic bacilli

Answer 2

metronidazole

Question 3

anaerobic bacteria

Answer 3

aminoglycosides

Question 4

tuberculosis bacteria

Answer 4

tetracyclines

Question 5

gonococci

Answer 5

sulfonamides

penicillin - low degree - less permeability

Question 6

enterococci

Answer 6

streptomycin (single step)

Question 7

E. coli

Answer 7

rifampin

also staphylococcus

Question 8

trimethoprime resistance

Answer 8

Dihydrofolate reductase mutation

Question 9

penicillin resistance

Answer 9

altered penicillin binding site

Question 10

p falciparum

Answer 10

chloroquine resistance (impermeability)

Question 11

efflux based resistance

Answer 11

erythromycin, fq

Question 12

cross resistance

Answer 12

erythromycin and lincomycin/clindmaycin

tetracyclines and chloramphenicol

Question 13

prevention of drug resistance

Answer 13

(intensive), short, rapid acting, selective (combinations)

Question 14

to sulfonamides

Answer 14

increased PABA, mutated enzymes, alternative folate metabolism pathway

Question 15

to trimethoprim

Answer 15

mutated DHFRase with low affinity for trimethoprim

Question 16

fq

Answer 16

chromosomal mutation in dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv - enzymes having reduced affinity for fq
reduced permeability
increased efflux

Question 17

erythromycin

Answer 17

pump out the antibiotics
enterobacteriace - produce esterase that break down the macrolides
plasmid encoded methylase enzymes - altered ribosomes
chromosomal mutation in ribosomes

Question 18

vancomycin

Answer 18

plasmid - alter vancomycin binding site

Question 19

clindamycin

Answer 19

constitutive methylase - alter ribsomal binding site for clindamycin

Question 20

linezolid

Answer 20

mutation in 23 s site p