Specific cancers Flashcards
top 4 most prevalent cancers in KY (from highest to lowest)
Lung
Breast
Cervical
Colorectal
Lungs
- often adv at dx
- risks are 65+, AfAm, smoke (more pack, more risk)
Causes of lung cancer
asbestos, COPD, secondhand smoke, radon, arsenic, genetics, radiation
Cig pack year calculation
years x PPD
Patho of lung cancer with smoking
- genetic predisposition with smoke that paralyzes the cilia so smoke can’t be cleared and lesions form
- activate oncogenes
- deactivate tumor supp gene
- rapid prolif/destruction, invasion
Types of lung cancer
- non-small cell lung cancer–most lungs, slow growth
- small cell lung cancer–rapid growth with quick met
s/s of lung cancer
cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, fatigue, wt loss, hoarseness, chest pain
- obstructive accum of secretions in the bronchioles–PNA-like
Paraneoplastic syndrome
secretion of ACTH from a tumor–increases cortisol
- lung tumor can sec ACTH which resembles MSH chemically
- melanocytes are stimmed and give lung cancer patients a tanned look
Breast cancer cause
overexpressed estrogen rec or overexp human epidermal growth factor (HER2)
Risk factors for breast cancer
over 50, long reprod life, late meno, HRT, obese, late childbirth past 30, never preg, fam hx breast or ovarian cancer, Jewish, BRCA
BRCA gene inc risk of which cancers?
breast, ovarian, colon, pan, prostate
s/s breast cancer
single tumor, nontender, firm with irreg borders, swell (asymp), upper outer breast quadrant, nipple d/c, nipple or skin retraction
- peau d’orange–thickened skin
- Paget’s disease–red crusty, pruritic, tender nipple
Breast cancer prevention
Mammogram yearly 45-54 for low risk then every other year at 55
Cervical cancer risk fx
STD, HPV!!!!!, smoking, 2+ life sex partners, genetics, immunosupp
Types of HPV
- high risk–persistent infx–cervical cancer
- low risk condyloma (genital warts) and no cancer
