Antiretrovirals (ART) Drugs Flashcards
Acyclovir class and MOA
antivirals; Interferes with viral nucleic acid synthesis, prevent virus from binding to cell so they can’t enter, and stims immune sys to kill virus; dec virl shedding and sx
Acyclovir indications
Herpes (oral, genital, or varicella); initial and recurrent infx
Acyclovir SE
GI distress, sz, renal impairment, ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenia), tissue necrosis (IV)
Acyclovir NC
- oral, tablets, liquid, topical cream and ointment, IV
- not a cure; decreases symptoms
- may need multiple treatments
- watch plt levels
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) MOA
Inhibits neuraminidase in flu virus
Oseltamivir (tamiflu) indications
Mostly influenza A but also B; mostly prophylaxis and treat active disease (48h onset), swine flu
Oseltamivir SE and NC
N/V, sz, renal impairment
- only PO
- only for high risk after known exposure bc don’t want to give out too much
- only works up to 48h bc stops replication
Ganciclovir MOA
Inhibit viral DNA polymerases resulting in chain termination
Ganiciclovir indications
Treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) (only immunocomp at risk - can’t be cured, very deadly)
Ganciclivir SE and NC
BLACK BOX - hematologic tox, fertility impairment, fetal tox, carcinogenesis (causes cancer in animals)
- IV or PO–often start IV and move to PO
- can’t be crushed–skin irritation
- don’t give w/ imipenem–sz potential
- watch kidneys
NTRIs class and MOA
Antiretrovirals; Inhibit reverse transcriptase and thus blocking HIV retrovirus ability to incorporate its RNA into the host cells DNA
NTRIs indication
HIV
NTRIs SE and NC
Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, lipoatrophy, hepatic steatosis, lactic acidosis syndrome
- monitor for lactic acidosis syndrome for first few months
NRTI black box
Lactic acidosis
