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Patho 1 > Exam 2 drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

BCG vax MOA

A

Stim inflam response in bladder so own immune sys recognized cancerous cells and attacks

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2
Q

BCG vax indications

A

Bladder cancer

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3
Q

BCG vax SE

A

Bladder irritation (UTI sx last even after tx), systemic infection

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4
Q

BCG vax NC

A
  • give weekly for 6-12W
  • live vax–not for immunocomp
  • Instructions–empty bladder, instill vax in with I&O cath, keep in 2h and change position q15 minutes
  • disinfect urine for 6h post-tx bleach urine to kill bac)
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5
Q

Sodium bicarb MOA

A

Dec pH of pt and raise bicarb level

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6
Q

Sodium bicarb indications

A

Tx metabolic acidoses to slow KCD, prevent bone loss, and improve nutritional status

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7
Q

Sodium bicarb SE

A

Bloating

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8
Q

Sodium bicarb NC

A
  • taken orally
  • measure efficiency with bicarb level
  • start when HCO3 less than 15 (goal is 18-20)
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9
Q

Finasteride (Proscar) and Dutasteride (Advodart) class

A

5-α-reductase inhibitors

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10
Q

Finasteride (Proscar) and Dutasteride (Advodart) MOA

A

Blocks conversion of T to DHT (alpha 1 receptors); dec epithelial tissue in prostate and mech obstruction of urethra but does NOT dec overall circulating T levels;
Dutasteride works on alpha 1 and 2 receptors

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11
Q

Finasteride (Proscar) and Dutasteride (Advodart) indications

A

Mechanical obstruction or urethra, pattern baldness in men and women

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12
Q

Finasteride (Proscar) and Dutasteride (Advodart) SE

A

Inc hair growth, impotence, dec libido, gynecomastia, birth defects

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13
Q

Finasteride (Proscar) and Dutasteride (Advodart) NC

A
  • Works best in larger prostates but won’t affect smaller prostates much
  • takes 6-12M to work
  • need to take for rest of life
  • dec prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (check before start and 6M later)
  • caution in handling for pregnant women–teratogenic (nurses don’t open or give)
  • can’t donate blood
  • Dutasteride works similarly
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14
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax) class

A

Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist

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15
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax) MOA

A

Blocks alpha receptors and relax smooth muscles, selective for alpha receptors in prostate

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16
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax) indications

A

dyanmic obs of urethra

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17
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax) SE

A

Well tolerated, abnormal ejaculation

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18
Q

Tamulosin (Flomax) NC

A
  • commonly used
  • no systemic effect
  • happens quickly
  • taken for life
  • can be used in combination therapy with a 5-α-reducatase inhibitor and will work better but $$$
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19
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) class

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

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20
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) MOA

A

Inhibits PDE5, inc and preserve cGMP levels, only enhances the normal response to sexual stimuli so will not work if that is not there

21
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) indications

A

Relief of ED, BPH, pulmonary arterial HTN

22
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) SE

A

HA, flushing, dyspepsia, CV issues

23
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) NC

A
  • reliable
  • does not affect men w/o ED
  • up to 4h before sex and onset 30-60 min
  • CI preexisting CV disease, hypotension
  • CI nitrate RX, causes signif dec in BP and pass out
  • call 911 if chest pain or s/s heart attach during sex, loss of vision in one or both eyes, loss of hearing
  • not more than once per day
  • priapism–painful erection that lasts over 4h–medical emergency
24
Q

Timolol–nonselective
Betaxolol–B1 receptor blocker class

A

Optic-topical beta blockers

25
Q

Timolol–nonselective
Betaxolol–B1 receptor blocker MOA

A

Block SNS stim of beta receptors

26
Q

Timolol–nonselective
Betaxolol–B1 receptor blocker indications

A

Open-angle glaucoma maintenance tx, if acute-angle–need drops asap and other

27
Q

Timolol–nonselective
Betaxolol–B1 receptor blocker SE

A

Transient burning and discomfort; if go systemic–systemic fx

28
Q

Timolol–nonselective
Betaxolol–B1 receptor blocker NC

A
  • CI–same as oral beta blockers (asthma, severe COPD, sinus brady or heart failure)–Betaxolol can be given to these pt
  • must take or go blind
  • apply nasolacrimol pressure
29
Q

Lantanoprost (Xalatan) class

A

Prostaglandin analogs

30
Q

Lantanoprost (Xalatan) MOA

A

Inc outflow drainage of aqueous humor

31
Q

Lantanoprost (Xalatan) indications

A

Open-angle glaucoma, ocular HTN

32
Q

Lantanoprost (Xalatan) SE

A

well-tolerated

33
Q

Brimonidine (Alphagan) class and MOA

A

Alpha adrenergic agonist
- Dec AH production, may inc drainage/outflow

34
Q

Brimonidine (Alphagan) SE

A

Burning/stinging, dry mouth, fatigue, HA, blurred vision, hypotension

35
Q

Dorzalamide (Trusopt) class and MOA

A

Carbonic anyhydrase inhibitor
- dec production of aqueous humor

36
Q

Dozalamide (Trusopt) indications

A

open angle inc IOP

37
Q

Dozalamide (Trusopt) SE and NC

A
  • Stinging, bitter taste, allergic rxns (conjunctiva or lid rxn)
  • can be combined with timolol (Cosopt)
38
Q

Calcium carbonate (tums) MOA

A

Binds to phosphate (phos binder essentially)

39
Q

Calcium carbonate indications

A

Treat hyperphosphatemia

40
Q

Calcium carbonate SE

A

hypercalcemia

41
Q

Calcium carbonate NC

A
  • take with meals
  • monitor Ca levels
42
Q

Calcitriol MOA

A

(1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D); activated form of vit D, stim intestinal abs of calcium/phosphate, and bone mineralization

43
Q

Calcitriol indications

A

Tx renal osteodystrophy

44
Q

Calcitriol SE

A

Hypercal, hyperphos

45
Q

Calcitriol NC

A

Monitor labs

46
Q

Ciprofloxacin class and indications

A
  • Fluroquinolones
  • Treat UTIs, STIs, lower and upper resp infx, gonorrhea, other infx, anthrax
47
Q

Ciprofloxacin SE and NC

A
  • Arthropathy (joint disease), often irreversible; prolonged post-abx effect–concentrated in neutrophils
  • PO, IV, topical
  • minimal usage on BBB/CSF
  • good for rapid and slow orgs
  • avoid pt under 18 and over 60 (bc joints)
48
Q

What does it mean if PSA does not decrease with finasteride?

A

Pt may have prostate cancer

Patho 1 (37 decks)

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