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biology > species and taxonomy > Flashcards

species and taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is a species

A

a group of similar organisums that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

how does the binomal namig system work

A

the first part is the genus and the scond is the species

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3
Q

what is courtship behavior

A

allowes animals to recognise memers of their own species and identify a mate capable of breeding
it indicates the healthiest male that will pass on advantagous alleles

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4
Q

what is artifical classification

A

based on analogous characteristsics where they have the same function but not the same evolutionary origin

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5
Q

what is phylogenetic classification

A

evolutionary relationship of homologous features
arranged in heirarchy groups

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6
Q

what are the taxonomic groups

A

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

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7
Q

what is a habitat

A

a place where a community or organisums usually lives

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8
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

all the populations of all the different organisums interacting in a particular place at the same time

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9
Q

what is biodiversity

A

the number and variety of all the living and non living componenets in an area

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10
Q

what is species diversity

A

number of different species and number of inderviduals of those species within a community

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11
Q

what is genetic diversity

A

number of differnet genes possesed by individuals of any one species

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12
Q

what is ecosystem diversity

A

range of different habitats within a spesific area

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13
Q

why is it more useful to calculate species diveristy index than just the number of species present

A

species diversity index measures the number of differnet species and the memebers of each species in each species

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14
Q

what can cause deforestation

A

human demand
wildfires

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15
Q

reasons for deforestation

A

agriculture
grazing
fuel
oil and mining
roads
housing
commercial logging

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16
Q

concequences of deforestation

A

soil errosion - leaching of ions , flooding and desterification
less potential medicines
less carbon sequenciation
less biodiversity

17
Q

what is carbon sequensiation

A

trees taking in co2

18
Q

how does clearing land for farming cause diversity of insects to decrease

A

loss of habitats so less survive
fertilisers lower plant diveristy
pesticides kill noon targeted insects
smaller food source so more competition

19
Q

what is conservation

A

concept of maintainance of high biodiversity and organisum habitats

20
Q

what is monoculture

A

cultivation of single species over a large area

21
Q

what is an agricultural ecosystem

A

species are selected that contain the alleles that exhibit the desired characteristics

22
Q

how does agriculture impact biodoversity

A

it is grown in large quantities to make it profitable but that means there is less space for other species so there is competition for space and resources
pesticides can exclude other species making the area less diverse and less stable

23
Q

three ways pesticides effect other animals

A

effect non target species
larger animals loose food source
birds of pray eat poisoned pests whih will casue toxins to accumilate in them

24
Q

when comparing DNA in different organisums what does a high percentage mean

A

they are closer relatives

25
Q

principle of immunological comparrison of protiens

A

antibodies of one species will respond to spesififc antigens on the protien of the blood serum of another

26
Q

process of immunological comparrison of proteins

A

serum albium from species A is injeted into species B and produces antibodies spesific to antigens on A
serum is extracted from B containing spesific antibodies for A
this is mixed with serum from species C and a preticipate is formed
the greater the number of similar antigens the more preticipate formed and the closer related they are

27
Q

what is interspesific varriation

A

varriation between different species

28
Q

what is intraspesific varriation

A

varriation within a species

29
Q

what causes varriations by genetic differeneces

A

mutations
inherrited alleles
sexual reproduction
independant segregation / crossing over
random fertilisation

30
Q

what causes varriation by environmental differneces

A

nutrients availaible
light exposure
temperature / climate
water availablity

31
Q

how to minimise the impact of sampling bias

A

carry out random sampling by dividing the study area into a grid
use a random number generator to get coordinates and take samples where they intersect
use a large sample size to reduce the influence of anomalies

32
Q

how to minimise the impact of chance

A

use statistical tests to analyse and determine the extent to which chance may have an influenece

33
Q

why is standard deviation better than the mean

A

mean does not concider the range of values within a sample
standard deviation is the spread of measurements about the mean

34
Q
A

biology (12 decks)

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