species and taxonomy

Question 1

what is a species

Answer 1

a group of similar organisums that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

how does the binomal namig system work

Answer 2

the first part is the genus and the scond is the species

Question 3

what is courtship behavior

Answer 3

allowes animals to recognise memers of their own species and identify a mate capable of breeding
it indicates the healthiest male that will pass on advantagous alleles

Question 4

what is artifical classification

Answer 4

based on analogous characteristsics where they have the same function but not the same evolutionary origin

Question 5

what is phylogenetic classification

Answer 5

evolutionary relationship of homologous features
arranged in heirarchy groups

Question 6

what are the taxonomic groups

Answer 6

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 7

what is a habitat

Answer 7

a place where a community or organisums usually lives

Question 8

what is an ecosystem

Answer 8

all the populations of all the different organisums interacting in a particular place at the same time

Question 9

what is biodiversity

Answer 9

the number and variety of all the living and non living componenets in an area

Question 10

what is species diversity

Answer 10

number of different species and number of inderviduals of those species within a community

Question 11

what is genetic diversity

Answer 11

number of differnet genes possesed by individuals of any one species

Question 12

what is ecosystem diversity

Answer 12

range of different habitats within a spesific area

Question 13

why is it more useful to calculate species diveristy index than just the number of species present

Answer 13

species diversity index measures the number of differnet species and the memebers of each species in each species

Question 14

what can cause deforestation

Answer 14

human demand
wildfires

Question 15

reasons for deforestation

Answer 15

agriculture
grazing
fuel
oil and mining
roads
housing
commercial logging

Question 16

concequences of deforestation

Answer 16

soil errosion - leaching of ions , flooding and desterification
less potential medicines
less carbon sequenciation
less biodiversity

Question 17

what is carbon sequensiation

Answer 17

trees taking in co2

Question 18

how does clearing land for farming cause diversity of insects to decrease

Answer 18

loss of habitats so less survive
fertilisers lower plant diveristy
pesticides kill noon targeted insects
smaller food source so more competition

Question 19

what is conservation

Answer 19

concept of maintainance of high biodiversity and organisum habitats

Question 20

what is monoculture

Answer 20

cultivation of single species over a large area

Question 21

what is an agricultural ecosystem

Answer 21

species are selected that contain the alleles that exhibit the desired characteristics

Question 22

how does agriculture impact biodoversity

Answer 22

it is grown in large quantities to make it profitable but that means there is less space for other species so there is competition for space and resources
pesticides can exclude other species making the area less diverse and less stable

Question 23

three ways pesticides effect other animals

Answer 23

effect non target species
larger animals loose food source
birds of pray eat poisoned pests whih will casue toxins to accumilate in them

Question 24

when comparing DNA in different organisums what does a high percentage mean

Answer 24

they are closer relatives

Question 25

principle of immunological comparrison of protiens

Answer 25

antibodies of one species will respond to spesififc antigens on the protien of the blood serum of another

Question 26

process of immunological comparrison of proteins

Answer 26

serum albium from species A is injeted into species B and produces antibodies spesific to antigens on A
serum is extracted from B containing spesific antibodies for A
this is mixed with serum from species C and a preticipate is formed
the greater the number of similar antigens the more preticipate formed and the closer related they are

Question 27

what is interspesific varriation

Answer 27

varriation between different species

Question 28

what is intraspesific varriation

Answer 28

varriation within a species

Question 29

what causes varriations by genetic differeneces

Answer 29

mutations
inherrited alleles
sexual reproduction
independant segregation / crossing over
random fertilisation

Question 30

what causes varriation by environmental differneces

Answer 30

nutrients availaible
light exposure
temperature / climate
water availablity

Question 31

how to minimise the impact of sampling bias

Answer 31

carry out random sampling by dividing the study area into a grid
use a random number generator to get coordinates and take samples where they intersect
use a large sample size to reduce the influence of anomalies

Question 32

how to minimise the impact of chance

Answer 32

use statistical tests to analyse and determine the extent to which chance may have an influenece

Question 33

why is standard deviation better than the mean

Answer 33

mean does not concider the range of values within a sample
standard deviation is the spread of measurements about the mean