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BIO120 > Species > Flashcards

Species Flashcards

simple version of phyla

1
Q

Amoebozoa (plasmodial slime molds)

A

supercell form
forest decomposers
amoeboid motion
protist

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2
Q

Opisthokonta / Choanoflagellates

A

protist most closely related to animals
similar to sponge cells
protist

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3
Q

Excavata (parabasalids, diplomonads, euglenids)

A

freshwater plankton
lack mitochondria
“excavated” feeding grove
protist

EUG-ine gives ppl STD & intestinal illness

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4
Q

Plantae (red algae)

A 
coral reef
sushi
lack flagella
protist
all descended from endosymbiosis
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5
Q

Rhizaria / Foraminiferans

A 
dead shells form chalk & marble
engulf via pseudopodia
CaCO3 shells
multiple nuclei
protist
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6
Q

Alveolata (ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans)

A 
harmful algal blooms
organelles at 1 end
2 flagella
protist
small sacks (alveoli) under plasma membrane

(AM) alveolata - malaria

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7
Q

Stramenopila (water molds, brown algae, diatoms)

A

kelp forests
photosynthetic plankton
aquatic decomposers
protist

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8
Q

Ulvophyceae (ulvophytes)

A

aquatic primary producers
AoG (multicellular only)
green plant w/out seeds

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9
Q

Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetes)

A

no AoG
evolutionary biology studied
green plant w/out seeds

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10
Q

Charophyceae (stoneworts)

A

duck & goose food
fish habitat
no AoG
green plant w/out seeds

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11
Q

Hepaticophyta (liverworts)

A

form soil
cuticle
green plant w/out seeds

HEPATI-tis - liver inflammation

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12
Q

Bryphota (mosses)

A

peat - fuel & gardening
simple conducting tissues
green plant w/out seeds

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13
Q

Lycophyta (lycophytes)

A

coal
roots
green plant w/out seeds

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14
Q

Anthocerophyta (hornworts)

A

stomata
harbor symbiotic N-fixing cyanobacteria
green plant w/out seeds

Antho - antler - horn - hornworts

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15
Q

Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)

A

rhizomes
landscaping
grow on ferns -> whiskers on ferns
green plant w/out seeds

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16
Q

Pteridophyta (ferns)

A

fronds
landscaping
green plant w/out seeds

dinosaurs - pterosaurs

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17
Q

Equisetophyta (horsetail)

A

hollow stems
silica granules - scour pots
green plant w/out seeds

equestrian = horse riding = horsetail

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18
Q

Ginkgophyta (ginkgoes)

A

deciduous
landscaping
seed plant

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19
Q

Cycadophyta (cycads)

A

stiff stems
compound leaves
landscaping
seed plant

pineapple palm trees

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20
Q

Cupressophyta (redwoods, junipers, yews)

A

anticancer drug taxol
rot-resistant wood in buildings use
narrow leaves
seed plant

expresso - coffee, cupresso - trees

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21
Q

Pinophyta (pines, spruces, firs)

A

needle leaves
paper & construction
important forest trees
seed plant

Pino - pine

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22
Q

Gnetophyta (gnetophytes)

A

drug ephedrine
vessel elements
tracheids
seed plant

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23
Q

Anthophyta (angiosperms)

A 
flower - fruit
vessel
tracheid
human/org food source
seed plant
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24
Q

Microsporidia

A

microscopic - intracellular
infect honeybees, silkworms, grasshoppers
fungal

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25
Q

Chytrids

A 
degrade cellulose
spores swim via flagella
aquatic decomposers
mutualists - large animal herbivores
parasites - reduced amphibian populations
fungal
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26
Q

Zygomycetes

A

spore - yolked hyphae
bread mold
rotten fruits/vege
fungal

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27
Q

Glomeromycota

A

plant mutualist - absorb P from soil
improve PP in grasslands & tropical forests
fungal

28
Q

Basidiomycota

A 
"little pedestals" reproductive structures
EMF
food - white button, portabella
hallucinogenic drugs 
fungal
29
Q

Ascomycota, lichen-formers

A 
"mini lichen" soredia
sexual via asci
green algae mutualist
common in cold habitats
caribou food
fungal
30
Q

Ascomycota, non-lichen formers

A 
asexual via specialized hyphae
clean contamination
antibiotic penicillin
brewing/baking yeasts
Dutch elm disease
chestnut blight
fungal
31
Q

Porifera (sponges)

A

asymmetical body
benthic
animal

32
Q

Ctenophora (comb jellies)

A 
swim via cilia
tentacles
transparent
gelatinous
animal
33
Q

Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, anemones, hydroids)

A 
photosynthetic dinoflagellate mutualist
swim via muscle-like contractions
radial symmetry
polyp/medusa forms
animal
34
Q

Bryozoa (bryozoans)

A

lophophore
colonial
budding asexual
protostome

35
Q

Rotifera (rotifers)

A

corona
parthenogenesis
mostly aquatic
protostome

36
Q

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

A

move little
unsegmented worms
one causes schistosomiasis
protostome

PLATeau - flat

37
Q

Annelida (segmented worms)

A

deposit feeding
hydrostatic skeleton
chaetae
protostome

38
Q

Mollusca Bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)

A

burrow
2 hinged shells
fossilize readily
protostome

bivalvia - two shells

39
Q

Mollusca Gastropoda (snails, slugs, nudibranchs)

A

foot/radula
some shell
protstome

40
Q

Mollusca Polyplacophora (chitons)

A

radula
8 plates form shell
protostome

41
Q

Mollusca Cephalopoda (nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, octopuses)

A 
tentacles + beak
jet propulsion
courtship
large brains
protostome
42
Q

Onychophora (velvet worms)

A 
walk via limbs
segmented bodies
lobe-shaped limbs
terrestrial
protostome
43
Q

Tardigrada (water bears)

A 
fluid feeders
segmented bodies
lobe-shaped limbs
aquatic
protostome
44
Q

Nematoda (roundworms)

A

wriggle via hydrostatic skeleton
unnsegmented
pseudocoelem
C. elegans model system

45
Q

Arthropoda Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes)

A

head region & long bodies w/ many leg pairs
terrestrial
protostome

myria = 10,000 - millipede

46
Q

Arthopoda Insecta (insects)

A 
3 leg pairs
wings
head + thorax + adbodmen
Drosophila melangaster model system
all types of feeding
protostome
47
Q

Arthopoda Crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, crabs, etc)

A

all types of feeding
cephalothorax + abdomen
carapace
protostome

48
Q

Arthopoda Chelicerata (spiders, ticks, mites, etc)

A

most eyes
chelicerae
protostome

49
Q

Asteroidea (sea stars)

A

scavengers
body w/ 5+ arms
water vascular system
deuterostome

asteroid - stars - sea stars

50
Q

Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars)

A

burrow via spines
globe- or disk-shaped bodies
5 CaCO3 teeth
deuterostome

51
Q

Cephalochordata (lancelets)

A 
small
benthic
torpedo-shaped
notochord
deuterostome
52
Q

Urochordata (tunicates)

A 
sessile or float
asexual - budding
sexual - hermaphrodite (external)
polysaccharide "exoskeleton"
siphons
deuterostome
53
Q

Myxinoidea (hagfish)

A 
scavengers
unknown reproduction/life cycle
long, slender bodies
lack jaws
no vertebral column
deuterostome
54
Q

Petromyzontoidea (lampreys)

A 
ectoparasites
long, slender bodies
lack jaws
cartilage along nerve cord
deuterostome
55
Q

Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, skates)

A 
enlarged pectoral fins
some vivaporous w/ placenta
cartilaginous skeleton
paired fins
(some) asymmetrical tail
deuterostome
56
Q

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

A 
herbivore
some parental care
swim bladder
fins w/ bony rods
symmetrical tail
deuterostome
57
Q

Actinistia (coelacanths)

A

marine - deep waters
lobe-finned fish
ovovivaprous
deuterostome

Cole-cant’s = actinita, actor wannabe

58
Q

Dipnoi (lungfish)

A 
omnivores
walk via fins
freshwater (shallow ponds)
lobe-finned fishes
deuterostome
59
Q

Amphibia (frogs,salamanders, caecilians)

A 
jump via legs
metamorphosis
adults terrestrial
young freshwater
deuterostome
60
Q

Mammalia Monotremata (platypuses, echidnas)

A 
webbed feet
freshwater or terrestrial
parental care
nurse young
low metabolic rates
deuterostome
61
Q

Mammalia Marsupiala (marsupials)

A 
Australia
crawl, hop, glide
short gestation
nurse young in pouch
deuterostome
62
Q

Mammalia Eutheria (placental mammals)

A 
herb/omni/pred
run via legs
long gestation
extensive parental care
nurse young
deuterostome
63
Q

Reptilia Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes)

A

terrestrial & aquatic
scaly skin
jointed legs OR limbless
deuterostome

Lepido - lizards

64
Q

Reptilia Testudinia (turtles)

A

burrow via legs
shell of bony plates
bony beak
deuterostome

Testu - turtle

65
Q

Reptilia Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators)

A 
swim via tails
extensive parental care
most tropical
eyes & nostrils atop snouts
deuterostome

Croco - crocodile

66
Q

Reptilia Aves (birds)

A 
herb/omni/pred
webbed feet
extensive parental care
feathers
endotherms
deuterostome

BIO120 (24 decks)

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