Species Flashcards
simple version of phyla
Amoebozoa (plasmodial slime molds)
supercell form
forest decomposers
amoeboid motion
protist
Opisthokonta / Choanoflagellates
protist most closely related to animals
similar to sponge cells
protist
Excavata (parabasalids, diplomonads, euglenids)
freshwater plankton
lack mitochondria
“excavated” feeding grove
protist
EUG-ine gives ppl STD & intestinal illness
Plantae (red algae)
coral reef sushi lack flagella protist all descended from endosymbiosis
Rhizaria / Foraminiferans
dead shells form chalk & marble engulf via pseudopodia CaCO3 shells multiple nuclei protist
Alveolata (ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans)
harmful algal blooms organelles at 1 end 2 flagella protist small sacks (alveoli) under plasma membrane
(AM) alveolata - malaria
Stramenopila (water molds, brown algae, diatoms)
kelp forests
photosynthetic plankton
aquatic decomposers
protist
Ulvophyceae (ulvophytes)
aquatic primary producers
AoG (multicellular only)
green plant w/out seeds
Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetes)
no AoG
evolutionary biology studied
green plant w/out seeds
Charophyceae (stoneworts)
duck & goose food
fish habitat
no AoG
green plant w/out seeds
Hepaticophyta (liverworts)
form soil
cuticle
green plant w/out seeds
HEPATI-tis - liver inflammation
Bryphota (mosses)
peat - fuel & gardening
simple conducting tissues
green plant w/out seeds
Lycophyta (lycophytes)
coal
roots
green plant w/out seeds
Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
stomata
harbor symbiotic N-fixing cyanobacteria
green plant w/out seeds
Antho - antler - horn - hornworts
Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
rhizomes
landscaping
grow on ferns -> whiskers on ferns
green plant w/out seeds
Pteridophyta (ferns)
fronds
landscaping
green plant w/out seeds
dinosaurs - pterosaurs
Equisetophyta (horsetail)
hollow stems
silica granules - scour pots
green plant w/out seeds
equestrian = horse riding = horsetail
Ginkgophyta (ginkgoes)
deciduous
landscaping
seed plant
Cycadophyta (cycads)
stiff stems
compound leaves
landscaping
seed plant
pineapple palm trees
Cupressophyta (redwoods, junipers, yews)
anticancer drug taxol
rot-resistant wood in buildings use
narrow leaves
seed plant
expresso - coffee, cupresso - trees
Pinophyta (pines, spruces, firs)
needle leaves
paper & construction
important forest trees
seed plant
Pino - pine
Gnetophyta (gnetophytes)
drug ephedrine
vessel elements
tracheids
seed plant
Anthophyta (angiosperms)
flower - fruit vessel tracheid human/org food source seed plant
Microsporidia
microscopic - intracellular
infect honeybees, silkworms, grasshoppers
fungal
Chytrids
degrade cellulose spores swim via flagella aquatic decomposers mutualists - large animal herbivores parasites - reduced amphibian populations fungal
Zygomycetes
spore - yolked hyphae
bread mold
rotten fruits/vege
fungal
Glomeromycota
plant mutualist - absorb P from soil
improve PP in grasslands & tropical forests
fungal
Basidiomycota
"little pedestals" reproductive structures EMF food - white button, portabella hallucinogenic drugs fungal
Ascomycota, lichen-formers
"mini lichen" soredia sexual via asci green algae mutualist common in cold habitats caribou food fungal
Ascomycota, non-lichen formers
asexual via specialized hyphae clean contamination antibiotic penicillin brewing/baking yeasts Dutch elm disease chestnut blight fungal
Porifera (sponges)
asymmetical body
benthic
animal
Ctenophora (comb jellies)
swim via cilia tentacles transparent gelatinous animal
Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, anemones, hydroids)
photosynthetic dinoflagellate mutualist swim via muscle-like contractions radial symmetry polyp/medusa forms animal
Bryozoa (bryozoans)
lophophore
colonial
budding asexual
protostome
Rotifera (rotifers)
corona
parthenogenesis
mostly aquatic
protostome
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
move little
unsegmented worms
one causes schistosomiasis
protostome
PLATeau - flat
Annelida (segmented worms)
deposit feeding
hydrostatic skeleton
chaetae
protostome
Mollusca Bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)
burrow
2 hinged shells
fossilize readily
protostome
bivalvia - two shells
Mollusca Gastropoda (snails, slugs, nudibranchs)
foot/radula
some shell
protstome
Mollusca Polyplacophora (chitons)
radula
8 plates form shell
protostome
Mollusca Cephalopoda (nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, octopuses)
tentacles + beak jet propulsion courtship large brains protostome
Onychophora (velvet worms)
walk via limbs segmented bodies lobe-shaped limbs terrestrial protostome
Tardigrada (water bears)
fluid feeders segmented bodies lobe-shaped limbs aquatic protostome
Nematoda (roundworms)
wriggle via hydrostatic skeleton
unnsegmented
pseudocoelem
C. elegans model system
Arthropoda Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes)
head region & long bodies w/ many leg pairs
terrestrial
protostome
myria = 10,000 - millipede
Arthopoda Insecta (insects)
3 leg pairs wings head + thorax + adbodmen Drosophila melangaster model system all types of feeding protostome
Arthopoda Crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, crabs, etc)
all types of feeding
cephalothorax + abdomen
carapace
protostome
Arthopoda Chelicerata (spiders, ticks, mites, etc)
most eyes
chelicerae
protostome
Asteroidea (sea stars)
scavengers
body w/ 5+ arms
water vascular system
deuterostome
asteroid - stars - sea stars
Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars)
burrow via spines
globe- or disk-shaped bodies
5 CaCO3 teeth
deuterostome
Cephalochordata (lancelets)
small benthic torpedo-shaped notochord deuterostome
Urochordata (tunicates)
sessile or float asexual - budding sexual - hermaphrodite (external) polysaccharide "exoskeleton" siphons deuterostome
Myxinoidea (hagfish)
scavengers unknown reproduction/life cycle long, slender bodies lack jaws no vertebral column deuterostome
Petromyzontoidea (lampreys)
ectoparasites long, slender bodies lack jaws cartilage along nerve cord deuterostome
Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, skates)
enlarged pectoral fins some vivaporous w/ placenta cartilaginous skeleton paired fins (some) asymmetrical tail deuterostome
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
herbivore some parental care swim bladder fins w/ bony rods symmetrical tail deuterostome
Actinistia (coelacanths)
marine - deep waters
lobe-finned fish
ovovivaprous
deuterostome
Cole-cant’s = actinita, actor wannabe
Dipnoi (lungfish)
omnivores walk via fins freshwater (shallow ponds) lobe-finned fishes deuterostome
Amphibia (frogs,salamanders, caecilians)
jump via legs metamorphosis adults terrestrial young freshwater deuterostome
Mammalia Monotremata (platypuses, echidnas)
webbed feet freshwater or terrestrial parental care nurse young low metabolic rates deuterostome
Mammalia Marsupiala (marsupials)
Australia crawl, hop, glide short gestation nurse young in pouch deuterostome
Mammalia Eutheria (placental mammals)
herb/omni/pred run via legs long gestation extensive parental care nurse young deuterostome
Reptilia Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes)
terrestrial & aquatic
scaly skin
jointed legs OR limbless
deuterostome
Lepido - lizards
Reptilia Testudinia (turtles)
burrow via legs
shell of bony plates
bony beak
deuterostome
Testu - turtle
Reptilia Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators)
swim via tails extensive parental care most tropical eyes & nostrils atop snouts deuterostome
Croco - crocodile
Reptilia Aves (birds)
herb/omni/pred webbed feet extensive parental care feathers endotherms deuterostome
