Animal - Protostome Flashcards
LG 15
protostome
major lineage of animals
- embryonic development pattern: mouth b4 anus
- coelem formation: mesoderm block splits
- live in aquatic & terrestrial habitats
(ie) mollucks, anthropods, annelids
lophophore
specialized feeding structure found in some lophotrochozoans
- used in suspension feeding
- feather-like
trochophore
larva w/ ring of cilia around its middle
- found in some lophotrochozoans
worm
animal w/ long, thin, tubelike body lacking limbs
proboscis
tubular, often extendable, feeding appendage w/ which food can be obtained
foot
large musclar appendage @ base of animal
- 1 of 3 main parts of mollusk body
- used for movements
visceral mass
contains most of internal organs & external gill
- 1 of 3 main parts of mollusk body
mantle
thick outer tissue
- 1 of 3 main parts of mollusk body
- may secrete a CaCO3 shell
- protects visceral mass
hemocoel
body cavity
- present in arthopods & some mollusks
- contains heolymph (pool of circulatory fluid) bathing internal organs
- not lined in mesoderm
- “blood hollow”
radula
rasping feeding appendage in mollusks
(ie) gastropods: snails, slugs
siphon
tube-like appendage of many mollusks
- often used for feeding
- spits out water for propulsion
corona
cluster of cilia @ anterior end of rotifer
- often facilitates suspension feeding
- hair crown
parthenogenesis
development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
- asexual reproduction
chaetae
bristle-like extensions found in some annelids
parapodia
appendages found in some annelids from which bristle-like structures (chaetae) extend
gills
any organ in aquatic animals that exchanges gases & other dissolved substances btwn body 7 surrounding water
- often filamentous outgrowth of body surface
tentacle
long, thin appendage
- often used for feeling & feeding
- occurs in diff. forms in diverse animals
beak
structure that exerts biting forces
- associated w/ mouth
- found in birds, cephalopods & some insects
molting
shredding of external protective cuticle or skeleton; expansion of soft body; growth of new external layer
- method of body growth
- used by ecdysozoans
cuticle
protective coating secreted by outermost layer of cells of animal/plant
- fcn: decrease water loss via evaporation
exoskeleton
hard covering secreted on outside of body
- used for body support, protection & muscle attachment
- prominent in anthropods
hemimetabolous metamorphosis
animal icnrease in size from one stage to next
- no dramatic body form change
- aka incomplete metamorphosis
- hemi = half
holometablous metamorphosis
animal completely changes its form
- includes a distinct larval stage
- complete metamorphosis
- holo = whole
antennae
long appendage of head
- used to touch or smell
carapace
large platelike section of exoskeleton
- covers & protects cephalothorax
- crustaceans
cephalothorax
head chest found in crabs
mandible
any mouthpart used in chewing
- (vertebrate) lower jaw
- (insects, crustaceans, myriapods) 1st pair of mouthparts
chelicerae
pair of claw-like appendages found around mouth of certain anthropods called chelicerates
(ie) spiders, mites, allies
protostome importance to humans
(1) detritivores, herbivore, carnivore
(2) food source
(3) provide valuable material - silk/peral
(4) food impact - damage or protect
(5) cause or transmit human disease
most diverse protostome phylum + class
arthopoda insecta
beetle
most successful insect
modularity
gene mutations from a blueprint version
- similar body plans but diff. gene expression
major physiological challenges protostomes overcame
(1) gas exchange
(2) avoid drying out
(3) hold up bodies under own weight
lophotrochozoans morphological traits
(1) lophophore
(2) trochophore
(3) spiral cleavage pattern
*some do not have all three
spiral cleavage pattern
cell division unequal
- larger cells at bottom, small at top
ecdysozoans morphological traits
(1) molting
(2) anthropod body plan
(3) 2 types of metamorphosis
nymph
juvenile adult version
- hemimetabolous metamorphosis
benefits of metamorphosis
(1) juveniles + adults do not compete w/ each other
(2) increase biological fitness