Animal - Protostome

Question 1

protostome

Answer 1

major lineage of animals

• embryonic development pattern: mouth b4 anus
• coelem formation: mesoderm block splits
• live in aquatic & terrestrial habitats

(ie) mollucks, anthropods, annelids

Question 2

lophophore

Answer 2

specialized feeding structure found in some lophotrochozoans

• used in suspension feeding
• feather-like

Question 3

trochophore

Answer 3

larva w/ ring of cilia around its middle

- found in some lophotrochozoans

Question 4

worm

Answer 4

animal w/ long, thin, tubelike body lacking limbs

Question 5

proboscis

Answer 5

tubular, often extendable, feeding appendage w/ which food can be obtained

Question 6

foot

Answer 6

large musclar appendage @ base of animal

• 1 of 3 main parts of mollusk body
• used for movements

Question 7

visceral mass

Answer 7

contains most of internal organs & external gill

- 1 of 3 main parts of mollusk body

Question 8

mantle

Answer 8

thick outer tissue

• 1 of 3 main parts of mollusk body
• may secrete a CaCO3 shell
• protects visceral mass

Question 9

hemocoel

Answer 9

body cavity

• present in arthopods & some mollusks
• contains heolymph (pool of circulatory fluid) bathing internal organs
• not lined in mesoderm
• “blood hollow”

Question 10

radula

Answer 10

rasping feeding appendage in mollusks

(ie) gastropods: snails, slugs

Question 11

siphon

Answer 11

tube-like appendage of many mollusks

• often used for feeding
• spits out water for propulsion

Question 12

corona

Answer 12

cluster of cilia @ anterior end of rotifer

• often facilitates suspension feeding
• hair crown

Question 13

parthenogenesis

Answer 13

development of offspring from unfertilized eggs

- asexual reproduction

Question 14

chaetae

Answer 14

bristle-like extensions found in some annelids

Question 15

parapodia

Answer 15

appendages found in some annelids from which bristle-like structures (chaetae) extend

Question 16

gills

Answer 16

any organ in aquatic animals that exchanges gases & other dissolved substances btwn body 7 surrounding water
- often filamentous outgrowth of body surface

Question 17

tentacle

Answer 17

long, thin appendage

• often used for feeling & feeding
• occurs in diff. forms in diverse animals

Question 18

beak

Answer 18

structure that exerts biting forces

• associated w/ mouth
• found in birds, cephalopods & some insects

Question 19

molting

Answer 19

shredding of external protective cuticle or skeleton; expansion of soft body; growth of new external layer

• method of body growth
• used by ecdysozoans

Question 20

cuticle

Answer 20

protective coating secreted by outermost layer of cells of animal/plant
- fcn: decrease water loss via evaporation

Question 21

exoskeleton

Answer 21

hard covering secreted on outside of body

• used for body support, protection & muscle attachment
• prominent in anthropods

Question 22

hemimetabolous metamorphosis

Answer 22

animal icnrease in size from one stage to next

• no dramatic body form change
• aka incomplete metamorphosis
• hemi = half

Question 23

holometablous metamorphosis

Answer 23

animal completely changes its form

• includes a distinct larval stage
• complete metamorphosis
• holo = whole

Question 24

antennae

Answer 24

long appendage of head

- used to touch or smell

Question 25

carapace

Answer 25

large platelike section of exoskeleton

• covers & protects cephalothorax
• crustaceans

Question 26

cephalothorax

Answer 26

head chest found in crabs

Question 27

mandible

Answer 27

any mouthpart used in chewing

• (vertebrate) lower jaw
• (insects, crustaceans, myriapods) 1st pair of mouthparts

Question 28

chelicerae

Answer 28

pair of claw-like appendages found around mouth of certain anthropods called chelicerates

(ie) spiders, mites, allies

Question 29

protostome importance to humans

Answer 29

(1) detritivores, herbivore, carnivore
(2) food source
(3) provide valuable material - silk/peral
(4) food impact - damage or protect
(5) cause or transmit human disease

Question 30

most diverse protostome phylum + class

Answer 30

arthopoda insecta

Question 31

beetle

Answer 31

most successful insect

Question 32

modularity

Answer 32

gene mutations from a blueprint version

- similar body plans but diff. gene expression

Question 33

major physiological challenges protostomes overcame

Answer 33

(1) gas exchange
(2) avoid drying out
(3) hold up bodies under own weight

Question 34

lophotrochozoans morphological traits

Answer 34

(1) lophophore
(2) trochophore
(3) spiral cleavage pattern

*some do not have all three

Question 35

spiral cleavage pattern

Answer 35

cell division unequal

- larger cells at bottom, small at top

Question 36

ecdysozoans morphological traits

Answer 36

(1) molting
(2) anthropod body plan
(3) 2 types of metamorphosis

Question 37

nymph

Answer 37

juvenile adult version

- hemimetabolous metamorphosis

Question 38

benefits of metamorphosis

Answer 38

(1) juveniles + adults do not compete w/ each other

(2) increase biological fitness