Animal - Deuterostome

Question 1

deuterostome

Answer 1

major lineage of bilaterian animals that share embryological development patter

• anus b4 mouth
• large w/ complex bodies

Question 2

echinoderm

Answer 2

major lineage of deuterostomes
- adult bodies w/ 5-sided radial symmetry, water vascular system & tube feet

(ie) sea urchins, sand dollars, sea stars

Question 3

endoskeleton

Answer 3

bony or cartilaginous structures w/in body that provide support

(ie) plates in echinoderms

Question 4

water vascular system

Answer 4

(echinoderms) system of fluid-filled tubes & chambers

- fcn: hydrostatic skeleton

Question 5

tube feet

Answer 5

one of many small, mobile, fluid-filled extensions of water vascular system of echinoderms

• podium, ampula
• used in locomotion, feeding & respiration

Question 6

podium

Answer 6

part extending outside body

- type of tube feet

Question 7

ampula

Answer 7

bulb w/in body

- type of tube feet

Question 8

pharyngeal gill slit

Answer 8

set of parallel openings from throat to outside

• fcn: feeding & gas exchange
• diagnostic trait of chordates

Question 9

nerve cord

Answer 9

(chordate animals) hollow bundle of nerves extending from brain along dorsal (back) side of animal

• cerebrospinal fluid inside central channel
• defining ft. of chordates

Question 10

notochord

Answer 10

supportive & flexible rod in back of a chordate embryo

• central to developing spinal cord
• replaced by vertebrae in most adult vertebrates
• defining ft. of chordate

Question 11

vertebrae

Answer 11

cartilaginous or bony elements that form backbones of vertebrae animals

Question 12

cranium

Answer 12

bony, cartilaginous or fibrous case enclosing & protecting vertebrate brain

• forms part of skull
• aka braincase

Question 13

cartilage

Answer 13

type of vertebrate connective tissue that consists of relatively few cells scattered in a stiff matrix of polysaccharaides & protein fibers
- fcn: structural support

Question 14

tetrapod

Answer 14

any member of lineage that includes vertebrates w/ 2 pairs of limbs

(ie) amphibians, mammals, reptiles + bird

Question 15

bone

Answer 15

type of vertebrate connective tissue

- include: living cells + blood vessels

Question 16

amniotic egg

Answer 16

egg w/ watertight shell, case enclosing an amnion, yolk sac & waste sac

Question 17

amnion

Answer 17

membrane-bound water supply in amniotic egg

Question 18

yolk sac

Answer 18

food supplly in amniotic egg

Question 19

allantois

Answer 19

waste sac in amniotic egg

Question 20

gill arches

Answer 20

(aquatic vertebrates) a curved region of tissue btwn gills

- gills are suspended from gill arches

Question 21

albumen

Answer 21

solution of water + protein in amniotic egg

• particularly in albumin
• fcn: nourish growing embryo, pillow for embryo
• aka egg white

Question 22

placenta

Answer 22

structure that forms in pregnant uterus from maternal & fetus tissues
- fcn: delivers oxygen to fetus, exchanges nutrients & waste btwn mother & fetus, anchors fetus to uterine wall

Question 23

gestation

Answer 23

period of development inside mother

• implantation to birth
• live birth species

Question 24

parental care

Answer 24

any action by which animal expends energy or assumes risks to benefit offspring

• increase offspring survival
• less offspring/gestation

(ie) nest building, feeding, defense

Question 25

lactate

Answer 25

production of milk to feed offspring

- from mammary glands (mammals)

Question 26

endotherm

Answer 26

an animal whose primary source of body that is internally generated

Question 27

mammary gland

Answer 27

specialized exocrine gland that produce & secrete milk for nursing offspring

Question 28

swim bladder

Answer 28

gas-gilled organ of many ray-finned fishes that regulates buoyancy

Question 29

feathers

Answer 29

specialized skin outgrowth, composed of beta-keratin

• present in all birds & some nonavian dinosaurs
• fcn: flight, insulation, display

Question 30

pentaradial symmetry

Answer 30

5-sided symmetry in adult echinoderm

Question 31

chordate

Answer 31

characteristics:

• pharyngeal gill slits
• dorsal hollow nerve cord
• notochord
• muscular, post-anal tail

Question 32

deuterostome diversification

Answer 32

(1) bony exoskeleton - protection
(2) jaws + teeth - grip prey & injure
(3) bony endoskeleton - swim faster
(4) limbs capable of moving on land - new resources + run from predator
(5) amniotic egg - protection

Question 33

development of wings

Answer 33

(1) insects
(2) pterosaurs
(3) bats
(4) birds