Animal - Deuterostome Flashcards
LG 16
deuterostome
major lineage of bilaterian animals that share embryological development patter
- anus b4 mouth
- large w/ complex bodies
echinoderm
major lineage of deuterostomes
- adult bodies w/ 5-sided radial symmetry, water vascular system & tube feet
(ie) sea urchins, sand dollars, sea stars
endoskeleton
bony or cartilaginous structures w/in body that provide support
(ie) plates in echinoderms
water vascular system
(echinoderms) system of fluid-filled tubes & chambers
- fcn: hydrostatic skeleton
tube feet
one of many small, mobile, fluid-filled extensions of water vascular system of echinoderms
- podium, ampula
- used in locomotion, feeding & respiration
podium
part extending outside body
- type of tube feet
ampula
bulb w/in body
- type of tube feet
pharyngeal gill slit
set of parallel openings from throat to outside
- fcn: feeding & gas exchange
- diagnostic trait of chordates
nerve cord
(chordate animals) hollow bundle of nerves extending from brain along dorsal (back) side of animal
- cerebrospinal fluid inside central channel
- defining ft. of chordates
notochord
supportive & flexible rod in back of a chordate embryo
- central to developing spinal cord
- replaced by vertebrae in most adult vertebrates
- defining ft. of chordate
vertebrae
cartilaginous or bony elements that form backbones of vertebrae animals
cranium
bony, cartilaginous or fibrous case enclosing & protecting vertebrate brain
- forms part of skull
- aka braincase
cartilage
type of vertebrate connective tissue that consists of relatively few cells scattered in a stiff matrix of polysaccharaides & protein fibers
- fcn: structural support
tetrapod
any member of lineage that includes vertebrates w/ 2 pairs of limbs
(ie) amphibians, mammals, reptiles + bird
bone
type of vertebrate connective tissue
- include: living cells + blood vessels
amniotic egg
egg w/ watertight shell, case enclosing an amnion, yolk sac & waste sac
amnion
membrane-bound water supply in amniotic egg
yolk sac
food supplly in amniotic egg
allantois
waste sac in amniotic egg
gill arches
(aquatic vertebrates) a curved region of tissue btwn gills
- gills are suspended from gill arches
albumen
solution of water + protein in amniotic egg
- particularly in albumin
- fcn: nourish growing embryo, pillow for embryo
- aka egg white
placenta
structure that forms in pregnant uterus from maternal & fetus tissues
- fcn: delivers oxygen to fetus, exchanges nutrients & waste btwn mother & fetus, anchors fetus to uterine wall
gestation
period of development inside mother
- implantation to birth
- live birth species
parental care
any action by which animal expends energy or assumes risks to benefit offspring
- increase offspring survival
- less offspring/gestation
(ie) nest building, feeding, defense
lactate
production of milk to feed offspring
- from mammary glands (mammals)
endotherm
an animal whose primary source of body that is internally generated
mammary gland
specialized exocrine gland that produce & secrete milk for nursing offspring
swim bladder
gas-gilled organ of many ray-finned fishes that regulates buoyancy
feathers
specialized skin outgrowth, composed of beta-keratin
- present in all birds & some nonavian dinosaurs
- fcn: flight, insulation, display
pentaradial symmetry
5-sided symmetry in adult echinoderm
chordate
characteristics:
- pharyngeal gill slits
- dorsal hollow nerve cord
- notochord
- muscular, post-anal tail
deuterostome diversification
(1) bony exoskeleton - protection
(2) jaws + teeth - grip prey & injure
(3) bony endoskeleton - swim faster
(4) limbs capable of moving on land - new resources + run from predator
(5) amniotic egg - protection
development of wings
(1) insects
(2) pterosaurs
(3) bats
(4) birds
