Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO120 > Aquatic Ecosystems > Flashcards

Aquatic Ecosystems Flashcards

LG19

1
Q

salinity

A

proportion of solutes dissolved in water in natural environments

  • often designated in g of solute/kg of water
  • cited: parts per thousand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

turbidity

A

cloudiness of water caused by sediments and/or microscopic orgs
- determines water c penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

turnovers

A

(lake ecology) complete mixing of upper & lower layers of water of diff. temps
- occurs each spring & fall in temperate-zone lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thermocline

A

steep gradient (cline) in environment temperature, such as occurs in a thermally stratified lake or ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lake

A

large enough body of water that water can be mixed by wind & wave action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pond

A

small water source

- smaller than lake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

littoral zone

A

shallow water near shore that receives enough sunlight to support photosynthesis

  • may be marine or freshwater
  • often flowering plants present
  • “seashore” zone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

limnetic zone

A

open water (not near shore) that receives enough sunlight to support photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

benthic zone

A

area along bottom of an aquatic environment

  • present in most aquatic ecosystems
  • nutrient rich (dead decomposing bodies)
  • “depth” zone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

photic zone

A

(aquatic habitat) water shallow enough to receive some sunlight (whether or not it is enough to support photosynthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

optic zone

A

deep water receiving no sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plankton

A

drifting organisms (animals, plants, archaea, or bacteria) in aquatic environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

detritus

A

layer of dead organic matter that accumulates @ ground level or on seafloors & lake bottoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

wetland

A

shallow-water habitats where soil is saturated w/ water for at least part of the year
- presence of “indicator plants,” which grow only in saturated soils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

emergent vegetation

A

plants (in an aquatic habitat) that extend above the water surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bog

A

freshwater wetland that has no or almost no water flow, resulting in very low oxygen levels & acidic conditions

  • accumulate peat
  • low pH 4
  • few plants
  • plants adapted to high acidic conditions (ie. venus fly trap)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

marshes

A

wetland dominated by grasses & other nonwoody plants

WMGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

swamp

A

wetland that has a steady rate of water flow & is dominated by trees & shrubs

WSTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stream

A

bodies of water that move constantly in one direction

  • creek = small stream
  • river = large stream
  • well-oxygenated b/c of tumbling H2O = mixing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

estuary

A

where ocean & river meet

  • freshwater & salt water mix
  • include: saline marshes & body of water
  • most productive environment
21
Q

ocean

A

continuous body of salt water

- uniform chemical composition

22
Q

interidal zone

A

region btwn low-tide & high-tide marks on a seashore

  • “btwn tide” zone
  • nutrient rich
23
Q

neritic zone

A

shallow marine water beyond interidal zone

  • extends down about 200 m, where continental shelf ends
  • nutrient rich
24
Q

continental shelf

A

portion of a geologic plate that extends from a continental under seawater

25
Q

oceanic zone

A

waters of open ocean beyond continental shelf

  • “open ocean” zone
  • loses nutrients
  • desert zone of the ocean
26
Q

coral reef

A

large assemblage of colonial marine corals that usually serves as shallow water, sunlit habitat for many other species as well
- rain forests of the ocean

27
Q

physical factors that affect orgs inhabiting aquatic ecosystems

A

(1) salinity
(2) water depth
(3) water flow & movement
(4) nutrient availability

28
Q

how salinity affects org inhabitation in aquatic ecosystems

A

(1) affects osmosis
(2) affects water balance in orgs

low S (body) + high S (environment) = water loss

29
Q

how water depth affects org inhabitation in aquatic ecosystems

A

(1) water absorbs & scatters c
(2) c available mostly on surface of H2O
(3) turbidity determines c penetration

more H2O depth = less c available

30
Q

causes of turbidity

A

(1) natural - erosion of river sediments by floodwaters & coastal sediment erosion by wave action
(2) human acts - agricultural field run-offs + algal blooms = nutrient pollution

31
Q

how water flow & movement affects org inhabitation in aquatic ecosystems

A

(1) presents physical challenge - sweep some orgs away
(2) affects H2O, c & nutrient availability

fast near stream source = > O2 + clear/low nutrients
slow downstream H2O = < O2 + > turbidity + > nutrients

32
Q

how nutrient availability affects org inhabitation in aquatic ecosystems

A

(1) nitrogen & phosphorus = short supply
(2) washed away or @ bottom - moving or calm water
(3) scarcity limit growth rates in photosynthetic orgs
(4) ocean upwelling
(5) lake turnover

33
Q

ocean upwelling

A

nutrient-filled H2O replaces surface H2O via wind

34
Q

lake turnover

A

dense nutrient precipitation -> mixed w/ high O2 conc. on surface
- occurs throughout year: winter stratification, spring turnover, summer stratification & fall turnover

35
Q

stratification

A

layering

36
Q

winter stratification

A

occurs in lake turnover

  • high O2 conc. on H2O surface
  • high nutrients @ bottom
  • temp. layers: 0° C, 2° C, 4° C & 2° C
37
Q

spring & fall turnover

A

occurs in lake turnover

- diff. layers mix @ 4° C

38
Q

summer stratification

A

occurs in lake turnover

  • thermocline occurs here
  • surface layer: high O2 conc.
  • bottom layer: high nutrients
  • temp. layers: 20° C to 8° C to 6° C to 4° C
39
Q

types of freshwater & marine aquatic environments

A

(1) lake & pond
(2) wetland
(3) stream
(4) estuary
(5) ocean

40
Q

orgs living in a LAKE

A 
flowering plants (litteral zone)
photosynthetic orgs (limnetic zone)
plankton (photic zone)
rooted plants (shallow photic zone) 
detritivores (benthic zone)
41
Q

physical factors of a LAKE

A

high latitudes

littoral & limnetic zone

42
Q

orgs living in a WETLAND

A 
"indicator plants"
emergent vegetation
lack trees
marshes = grass, reeds & non-woody vegetation
swamps = trees & shrubs
43
Q

physical factors of a WETLAND

A 
saturated soil
only shallow H2O
bogs = no H2O
lack nitrogen
slow, steady H2O flow
acidity
44
Q

orgs living in a STREAM

A
  • small, fast-moving = no photosynthetic orgs
  • fast-moving = fish, insect larvae, mollusks & otro animals
  • wide stream = algae & plants
45
Q

physical factors of a STREAM

A 
sometimes high turbidity
mouth = warmer, larger & slower
fast-moving stream = more O2
slow-moving stream = less O2
wide stream = more organic matter & nutrients
46
Q

orgs living in an ESTUARY

A 
young fish nursery
vegetation
benthic invertebrates
plankton
high species diversity
residential & seasonal birds feed here
47
Q

physical factors of an ESTUARY

A

freshwater & salt H2O mix here
salinity varies
nutrient rich b/c sediments deposited @ slower mouth

48
Q

orgs living in an OCEAN

A
  • intertidal zone: orgs that w/stand pounding waves, dessication & high T @ low tide (more sunlight & productivity)
  • neritic zone: major marine fisheries (coral reefs, mutualistic algae) & orgs live here
49
Q

physical factors of an OCEAN

A 
intertidal zone: rocky, sandy or muddy beach
neritic zone: nutrient rich
continental shelf
oceanic zone
benthic zone
tides

BIO120 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions