speciation

Question 1

microevolution

Answer 1

evolutionary changes that occur at the species level

Question 2

species

Answer 2

A species is one or more populations of individuals that can interbreeding under natural
conditions and producing fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such populations

Question 3

speciation

Answer 3

the formation of a new species from existing species

Question 4

macroevolution

Answer 4

Forming of new species

Question 5

prezygotic isolating mechanism

Answer 5

These are mechanisms which either prevent mating or prevent fertilisation of eggs if individuals from different species attempt to mate

Question 6

behavioural (prevention of mating)

Answer 6

behaviours that prevent other spp. from recognizing or selecting them for mating

Question 7

temporal (prevention of mating)

Answer 7

Two species that live in the same habitat or the same niche but have different mating seasons due to varying reproductive cycles

Question 8

Ecological (prevention of mating)

Answer 8

two species that live in same general area but in different habitats

Question 9

Mechanical (prevention of fertilization)

Answer 9

structural differences in reproductive organs that prevent fertilisation.

Question 10

Gametic isolation (prevention of fertilization)

Answer 10

If egg and sperm from 2 different species do happen to meet gametic isolation will ensure that zygote doesn’t form

Question 11

Post-zygotic isolating mechanisms

Answer 11

that prevent hybrid zygotes from developing into a healthy and fertile
adult

Question 12

Hybrid inviability (EXAMPLES)

Answer 12

Development of hybrid zygote stops in early development and it dies before birth; hybrid embryos of sheep and goat often die

Question 13

Hybrid sterility (EXAMPLES)

Answer 13

Hybrid produced is sterile (cannot produce normal gametes); horse and donkey can create a mule but mule cannot reproduce

Question 14

Hybrid breakdown (EXAMPLES)

Answer 14

Hybrid forms but when these hybrids mate their offspring are weak and sterile; many cotton plant species can produce fertile hybrids but then their offspring die as seeds or in early development

Question 15

sympatric speciation

Answer 15

occurs when populations that live in the same habitat diverge genetically and become reproductively isolated.

Question 16

allopatric speciation

Answer 16

occurs when populations are separated by a geographical barrier and diverge genetically

Question 17

divergent evolution

Answer 17

a pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species diverge, or become increasingly distinct. In other words, as populations adapt, they become less and less alike

Question 18

convergent evolution

Answer 18

When 2 or more species become increasingly similar in phenotypes due to experiencing similar selective pressures (similar environments)

Question 19

gradualism

Answer 19

views evolutionary change as slow and steady, before and after a divergence

Question 20

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 20

views evolutionary history as long periods of stasis, or equilibrium, that
are interrupted by periods of divergence

Question 21

how humans impact evolution

Answer 21

• conversion of wilderness into cropland
• development of areas for tourism
• building urban subdivisions and roads

Question 22

outcome of how humans impact evolution

Answer 22

• speciation through adaptive radiation after geographical isolation
• speciation through genetic drift after a bottleneck effect
• species endangerment and/or extinction due to insufficient genetic diversity from population isolation (this is the case for the giant panda)