respiratory Flashcards
what are the two muscles that push down when you inhale
intercostal muscles and diaphram
nasal cavity
air enters through nostrils and into cavity, cilia lines nostrils to catch debris, mucus lines, air gets warmed and moistened
pharynx
allows air to enter the esophagus and trachea
larynx
area of the throat containing the vocal cords and used for breathing, swallowing and talking
trachea
- supported by cartilage rings to keep it open
- mucus and cilia help to trap and sweep debris back to pharynx
right and left lung
- brings oxygen into our bodies and excretes oxygen (inspiration and exhilation)
- surrounded by ribcage, intercostal muscles, diaphragm
bronchus
carries air into the right and left lungs
bronchiole
deliver air to diffuse network of around 300 million alveoli; become smaller and smaller
alveoli
- 0.1–0.2 micrometres in diameter, surrounded by capillaries
- lipoprotein called surfactant prevents alveoli from sticking together
pleura
acts as a double layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and the lungs
intercostal muscles
contract and relax, causing the ribcage to move up and down
diaphragm
- dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates organs of thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
- when it contracts, it moves downward
- when it relaxes, it moves upward
heart
supports the respiratory system by bringing blood to and from the lungs
inspiration
when the air pressure in the lungs is less that the atmospheric pressure
expiration
when the air pressure in the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure
gas exchange
- breathe in O2 into the alveoli (rich in oxygen)
- O2 diffuses from alveoli into capillaries to be transported in the blood to our tissues
- O2 has higher concentrations as a gas which allows it to diffuse through walls; CO2 has higer concentration in blood which allows it to diffuse
- at the same time, CO2 is being dropped off at the alveoli from the blood in the capillaries
- CO2 is exhaled
oxygen- process- external environment to alveoli and to the cells
nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, capillaries and to the tissues then the waste (CO2) diffuses and gets exhaled
spirometer
measures the volume of air that is inhaled & exhaled over a period of time
tidal volume
volume f air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breathing movement when body is at rest
inspiratory reserve volume
is an additional volume of air that can be taken into lungs beyond normal inhilation
expiratory reserve volume
is additional volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond normal exhilation
vital capacity
the volume of air that can be moved into or out of lungs
VC= TV+ IRV+ ERV
residual volume
the vlume of air that remains in the lungs after the complete exhalation; never leaves respiratory system
total lung volume
the maximum volume of air that can be contained in the lungs. 6L in adults
is it better to breath through your mouth or nose in cold air
nose; nasal cavity acts as a humidifier and provides warmth for the oxygen; tiny blood vessels that warm the air; through you mouth will cause hearts cornary arteries to narrow
what do you do when a person has a collapsed lung?
a needle will be used to release the pent up air in the lung. as the air pressure decreases, lung re-expands; insert tube into fourth or fifth intercostal space
how does smoking affect the respiratory system?
swelling of airways, reduces the elasticity of lung tissue, and damages the alveoli where O2 and CO2 exchange occur
