digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
proteins
A
2
Q
what are the macromolecules
A
3
Q
lipids
A
4
Q
carbohydrates
A
5
Q
4 stages of digestive system
A
6
Q
ingestion
A
7
Q
digestion
A
8
Q
absorption
A
9
Q
egestion
A
10
Q
mechanical digestion
A
11
Q
chemical digestion
A
12
Q
peristalsis
A
muscular contractions of the digestive tracts; brings food down
13
Q
involvement and structure of the stomach
A
14
Q
pH (stomach)
A
pH 2-3
15
Q
sphincters
A
16
Q
rugae
A
17
Q
gastric juices
A
mucosa cells of the stomach secrete enzymes, mucus and HCL forming gastric juices
18
Q
involvement and structure of the small intestine
A
7m long
19
Q
involvement and structure of the large intestine
A
20
Q
enzymes involved in digestion
A
21
Q
A
22
Q
cardiac sphincter
A
helps to keep food in the stomach
23
Q
mucus
A
helps to protect the stomach lining
24
Q
food and gastric juices
A
chyme- vomitting and consistency
25
pyloric sphincter
allows food to be released into the small intestine
26
villi (SI)
27
microvilli (SI)
28
pH (SI)
pH 9
29
triglycerides
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
30
Function of Digestive System.
1. Mouth
-mechanical digestion begins
- The jaw muscles contract causing teeth to cut, tear and
grind food
-The incisors cut food, the canine tear food, the premolars
and molars grind food
-Saliva produced in the salivary gland moistens food and
adds enzyme amylase 🡪 breaks down starch to maltose
31
Function of Digestive System
2. Tongue
helps to form the food and saliva into a bolus which is then swallowed and enters the esophagus
32
Function of Digestive System
3. Pharynx
-The large area at the back of
the mouth
-Passageway from mouth to
esophagus
-Also a common passageway
of the food and air
33
Function of the Digestive System
4. Esophagus
-Hollow tube lined with
mucus-secreting cells
called mucosa
-Lined with involuntary
smooth muscles
-Moves food along by
rhythmic wave-like
contractions called
peristalsis
-Esophagus connects the
pharynx and stomach
34
Function of Digestive System
5. Stomach
- The food enters the stomach by the cardiac sphincter, which helps to keep food in the stomach
- Mechanical digestion takes place ->churn the food
- The mucosa cells of the stomach secrete enzymes, mucus and HCl forming the gastric juice
• In presence of HCl, enzyme pepsinogen (inactive) is converted to pepsin (active).
• Pepsin is the enzyme that aids in the breakdown of proteins
• The food + gastric juice = chyme
• The pyloric sphincter allows food to be released into the small intestin
35
Function of the Digestive System
9.Small intestine ( duodenum)
- Duodenum produces enzymes like peptidase break peptides into amino acids;
- disaccharidases - break down disaccharides into monosaccharides
36
Function of the Digestive System
7. Small intestine (jejunum)
- Absorption of small molecules occurs
37
Function of Digestive System
8. Small Intestine (ileum )
- Absorption occurs by diffusion and active transport
38
Function of the Digestive System
9. Large Intestine
- Absorption of water occurs here
•Prepares wastes for elimination
•Anaerobic bacteria in colon produces vitamins (folic acid, various B vitamins & vitamin K) that gets absorbed into the bloodstream
39
Function of Digestive System
10. Rectum
- Storage of solid indigestible waste
40
Function of Digestive system
6. Liver
- Converts glucose into glycogen and stores it
• Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder
• Bile contains bile salts which can emulsify lipids/fats.
• Release of bile salts is triggered by presence of fats in the duodenum
41
Function of the Digestive System
Gallbladder
- Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder
• Bile contains bile salts which can emulsify lipids/fats.
• Release of bile salts is triggered by presence of fats in the duodenum
42
Function of the digestive system
Pancreas 
- Sac-like organ that produces pancreatic juice secreted into the duodenum
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