digestive system

Question 1

proteins

Question 2

what are the macromolecules

Question 3

lipids

Question 4

carbohydrates

Question 5

4 stages of digestive system

Question 6

ingestion

Question 7

digestion

Question 8

absorption

Question 9

egestion

Question 10

mechanical digestion

Question 11

chemical digestion

Question 12

peristalsis

Answer 12

muscular contractions of the digestive tracts; brings food down

Question 13

involvement and structure of the stomach

Question 14

pH (stomach)

Answer 14

pH 2-3

Question 15

sphincters

Question 16

rugae

Question 17

gastric juices

Answer 17

mucosa cells of the stomach secrete enzymes, mucus and HCL forming gastric juices

Question 18

involvement and structure of the small intestine

Answer 18

7m long

Question 19

involvement and structure of the large intestine

Question 20

enzymes involved in digestion

Question 22

cardiac sphincter

Answer 22

helps to keep food in the stomach

Question 23

mucus

Answer 23

helps to protect the stomach lining

Question 24

food and gastric juices

Answer 24

chyme- vomitting and consistency

Question 25

pyloric sphincter

Answer 25

allows food to be released into the small intestine

Question 26

villi (SI)

Question 27

microvilli (SI)

Question 28

pH (SI)

Answer 28

pH 9

Question 29

triglycerides

Answer 29

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 30

Function of Digestive System.
1. Mouth

Answer 30

-mechanical digestion begins

• The jaw muscles contract causing teeth to cut, tear and
  grind food

-The incisors cut food, the canine tear food, the premolars
and molars grind food

-Saliva produced in the salivary gland moistens food and
adds enzyme amylase 🡪 breaks down starch to maltose

Question 31

Function of Digestive System
2. Tongue

Answer 31

helps to form the food and saliva into a bolus which is then swallowed and enters the esophagus

Question 32

Function of Digestive System
3. Pharynx

Answer 32

-The large area at the back of
the mouth

-Passageway from mouth to
esophagus

-Also a common passageway
of the food and air

Question 33

Function of the Digestive System
4. Esophagus

Answer 33

-Hollow tube lined with
mucus-secreting cells
called mucosa

-Lined with involuntary
smooth muscles

-Moves food along by
rhythmic wave-like
contractions called
peristalsis

-Esophagus connects the
pharynx and stomach

Question 34

Function of Digestive System
5. Stomach

Answer 34

• The food enters the stomach by the cardiac sphincter, which helps to keep food in the stomach
• Mechanical digestion takes place ->churn the food
• The mucosa cells of the stomach secrete enzymes, mucus and HCl􏰀 forming the gastric juice
  • In presence of HCl, enzyme pepsinogen (inactive) is converted to pepsin (active).
  • Pepsin is the enzyme that aids in the breakdown of proteins
  • The food + gastric juice = chyme
  • The pyloric sphincter allows food to be released into the small intestin

Question 35

Function of the Digestive System
9.Small intestine ( duodenum)

Answer 35

• Duodenum produces enzymes like peptidase 􏰀 break peptides into amino acids;
• disaccharidases - break down disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 36

Function of the Digestive System
7. Small intestine (jejunum)

Answer 36

• Absorption of small molecules occurs

Question 37

Function of Digestive System
8. Small Intestine (ileum )

Answer 37

• Absorption occurs by diffusion and active transport

Question 38

Function of the Digestive System
9. Large Intestine

Answer 38

• Absorption of water occurs here
  •Prepares wastes for elimination
  •Anaerobic bacteria in colon produces vitamins (folic acid, various B vitamins & vitamin K) that gets absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 39

Function of Digestive System
10. Rectum

Answer 39

• Storage of solid indigestible waste

Question 40

Function of Digestive system
6. Liver

Answer 40

• Converts glucose into glycogen and stores it
  • Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder
  • Bile contains bile salts which can emulsify lipids/fats.
  • Release of bile salts is triggered by presence of fats in the duodenum

Question 41

Function of the Digestive System
Gallbladder

Answer 41

• Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder
  • Bile contains bile salts which can emulsify lipids/fats.
  • Release of bile salts is triggered by presence of fats in the duodenum

Question 42

Function of the digestive system
Pancreas 

Answer 42

• Sac-like organ that produces pancreatic juice secreted into the duodenum

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