Non-Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

incomplete dominance

Answer 1

when two different alleles combine in the zygote, the heterozygous individual shows an intermediate phenotype (blending)

Question 2

co-dominance

Answer 2

where both alleles are expressed at the same time. ex. black and white= black and white= black and white spotted

Question 3

C> c^ch > c^h > c

Answer 3

C> c^ch > c^h > c

Question 4

universal donor

Answer 4

type O blood- no antigens to clump with antibodies

Question 5

universal reciever

Answer 5

type AB blood- no antibodies to clump with antigens

Question 6

antigen

Answer 6

trigger an immune response against viruses

Question 7

antibodies

Answer 7

another protein in the blood plasma that will react with unknown antigens on red blood cells

Question 8

clumping

Answer 8

caused by the reaction of antibodies and antigens from different blood types

Question 9

type a

Answer 9

I A, I A OR I A, I O

Question 10

type b

Answer 10

I B, I B OR I B, I O

Question 11

type ab

Answer 11

I A, I B

Question 12

type O

Answer 12

I O, I O

Question 13

sex-linked traits

Answer 13

traits controlled by genes on X or Y chromosomes

Question 14

X chromosome

Answer 14

controls colour vision, blood clotting, tooth colour and skin dryness

Question 15

heterozygous female XX

Answer 15

called a carrier because she carries the trait in her genotype but does not express it in her phenotype

Question 16

heterozygous male XY

Answer 16

males cannot be carriers because they have only 1 X chromosome, so they express whichever trait they have

Question 17

what are polygenic traits?

Answer 17

a trait that is controlled by more than one gene (allele). a group of genes that all contribute to the same trait is a polygene. each dominant allele contributes to the trait but recessive allele does not. for skin colour, the more dominant alleles a person has, the darker their skin