definitions for IPMAT I+II Flashcards
haploid
a cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Ex. The human haploid number of chromosomes is 23=n.
diploid
a cell that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes. Ex. The diploid number in humans is 46 chromosomes. (2n)
Mitosis
produces genetically identical cells, diploid-> diploid
-grow, repair, replace
Fertilization
produces diploid cells from haploid cells
Meiosis
produces haploid cells from diploid cells. diploid-> haploid cells.
Monosomy
the loss of a chromosome as a result of nondisjunction.
Trisomy
the gain of an extra chromosome as a result of nondisjunction.
Non-disjunction
the failure of homologous chromosomes pairs or sister chromatids to separate during anaphase I & II.
Oogenesis
produces eggs in female mammals.
Spermatogenesis
produces sperm in male mammals.
Nucleotide
combination of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate.
The sugar and phosphate groups make the backbone of the DNA molecule. Whereas, the nitrogenous base joins the two DNA strands together.
Four different nitrogenous bases:
A- adenine
T- thymine
C- cytosine
G- guanine
A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G.
Independent Assortment
Other words means random (happens during metaphase 1) the homologeous pairs line up across the equator of the cell randomly.
Centromere
Holds sister chromatids together
Centrosome and Centriole
Centrosome surrounds the centrioles that end up being opposite sides of the cell poles. Connected to spindle fibers.
