Chromosomes

Question 1

what is a chromosome?

Answer 1

a chromosome is a small segment of DNA that contains information about the organisms traits

Question 2

what is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Answer 2

one pair or chromosomes is called the sex chromosomes X and Y.
autosomes determine all other characteristics of the organism. (hair colour, etc.
chromosome 23= sex F (XX) M (XY)

Question 2

what are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 2

pairs of chromosomes that have similar length, centromere location and banding pattern.

Question 3

why do homologous chromosomes pair up? (2)

Answer 3

• they have the same gene (hair colour) but they have a different form of the gene called an allele (black or brown hair)
• they pair up during prophase I to undergo synapsis

Question 4

what is a karyotype chart?

Answer 4

a karyotype chart is an individuals complete set of chromosomes from an individual cell that is arranged in numerical order

Question 5

how is a karyotype chart used?

Answer 5

it is used to look for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure

Question 6

at what phase in mitosis is cell division halted in order to make a karyotype chart?

Answer 6

during metaphase, cell division can be halted. the paired chromosomes are stained, collected and organized into a chart based on their height and banding pattern

Question 7

trisomy

Answer 7

inheriting one extra chromosome

Question 8

trisomy 21

Answer 8

down syndrome

Question 9

trisomy 18

Answer 9

edward syndrome

Question 10

trisomy 13

Answer 10

patau syndrome

Question 11

XXY

Answer 11

kleinfelter

Question 12

XYY

Answer 12

jacobs

Question 13

XXX

Answer 13

triple X

Question 14

monosomy

Answer 14

inheriting one less chromosome

Question 15

XO

Answer 15

turner syndrome