Specialised tissue Flashcards
What is epithelial tissue used for?
It is used as lining
How is epithelium tissue adapted for its function?
No blood vessels, diffuses all its nutrients from the connective tissue fluid
Short cell cycle, renewed 2/3 times daily to renew damages cells
Where is epithelial tissue used?
Free surfaces like: Skin Gut Airways Blood vessels
What is cartilage used for?
The extracellular matrix provides strength for the cell
Where is cartilage used?
Skeleton
Larynx
Nose
Ear
What is hyaline cartilage?
Makes the embryonic skeleton
Covers the end of long bones in adults
Joins ribs to the sternum
What is fibrous cartilage?
Occurs in discs between the spines vertebrae and knee joints
What is elastic cartilage?
Makes up the outer ear and epiglottis
What is muscle tissue used for?
Movement
Where is smooth muscle tissue used?
Walls of intestine, uterus and trachea
How is muscle tissue adapted for its function?
Special type of protein filaments to allow for contraction
Strong cytoskeleton for movement
Long and fibrous
What is skeletal muscle?
Causes the bone to move when it contracts
What is smooth muscle used for?
Controls movement of internal organs
What is epidermal tissue used for?
Protective cover
Where is epidermal tissue used?
Over leaves, stems and roots
How is epidermal tissue adapted for its function?
Is flattened cells
No chloroplast
Some are impregnated with a waxy cuticle, reducing water loss in dry places
What are xylem tissue used for?
Carry water and minerals to the plants from the roots
What are phloem tissue used for?
Transport compounds for photosynthesis around the plant
How is xylem tissue adapted for its function?
Lignin is deposited in their cells to reinforce and waterproof them but they die in the process
The end of the cell breaks down so they form continuous columns and a wide lumen
Cell wall is thicker
How is phloem tissue adapted for its function?
Sieve tubes lose most of their organelles and a sieve plate forms between them
Companion cells retain their organelles and provide ATP for active loading of sugars into sieve tubes
What are meristematic tissue used for?
Region responsible for growth and replication of plant cells
How is meristematic tissue adapted for its function?
Thin walls with very little cellulose
No chloroplast or vacuole
Can divide by mitosis and differentiate into other types of cells
