Ions and atoms in the body Flashcards
What is hydrogen bonding?
A bond between 2 dipoles
How does a hydrogen bond work?
Electrons between a covalent bond are slightly closer to one of the atoms, causing the electron slightly closer to one of the nuclei, making the atom closer to the electrons slightly negatively charged and the one further away from the electrons slightly positively charged, making it polar.
What is a monomer?
A single molecule that may combine with other monomer to create a polymer
What is a polymer?
When 2 or more monomers react to make a chain or branched chain.
What is a condensation reaction?
A chemical reaction where 2 molecules are joined together via the hydroxide group by a covalent bond and water is made
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A chemical reactions when 2 covalently bonded molecules are broken and water is used
What are Calcium ions used for?
- Increase bone, teeth and cartilage rigidity
- Makes up part of a crustaceans exoskeleton
- Activates certain enzymes like lipase and ATPase
- Regulates cell membrane permeability
- Important in plant cell wall development
- Important on making the middle lamellae in the cell walls
- Good for blood clots
What are Sodium ions used for?
- Helps regulate osmotic pressure
- Helps control the body’s water levels
- Helps in the plants vacuole to be turgid
- Helps regulate pH
- Affects carbohydrate absorption in the intestines
- Affects water absorption in the kidney
- Contributes to nervous transmission
- Contributes to muscle contraction
What are Potassium ions used for?
- Helps control the body’s water fluid
- Maintain body pH
- Contribute to muscle contraction
- Contribute to nervous transmission
- Helps active transport objects across the cell membrane
- Helps make glycogen and proteins
- Helps break up glucose
- Makes healthy leaves and flowers
- Helps in the plants vacuole to be turgid
What are Hydrogen ions used for?
- Used in photosynthesis and respiration
- Helps transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
- Helps regulate blood pH
What are Ammonium ions used for?
- used in the nitrogen cycle
- used in vitamins, proteins, amino acids and chlorophyll
- Important in nucleic acids
- Helps maintain body pH
What are Nirtrate ions used for?
- Needed in amino acids ,proteins, vitamins and chlorophyll
- Important in nucleic acids
- It is in the nitrogen cycle
What are Hydrogen-carbonate ions used for?
- Helps regulate blood pH
- Helps transport carbon dioxide into and out of the blood
What are Chloride ions used for?
- Helps produce urine in the kidney
- Helps in keeping the water balanced
- Helps transport carbon dioxide into and out of the blood
- Helps regulate haemoglobin’s oxygen affinity through allosteric effects on the haemoglobin molecule
- Helps regulate blood pH
- Used to make hydrochloric acid in the stomach
What are Phosphate ions used for?
- Increase bone, teeth and cartilage rigidity
- Makes up part of a crustaceans exoskeleton
- Part of phospholipids, ATP and nucleic acids
- Part of important enzymes
- Helps regulate blood pH
- Helps plant roots grow
