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Biology 2 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

Storage
EFA
Energy store
Electrical insulation
Waterproofing
Production of metabolic water
Protection
Buoyancy
Hormone production
Thermal insulation

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2
Q

Why are lipids good energy store?

A

They have a high proportion of H atoms relative to O atoms so they yield more energy than the same mass of carbohydrate

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3
Q

Why are lipids a good storage molecule?

A

Lipids are non polar and are insoluble in water and it has more energy per gram than carbohydrates

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4
Q

What are biological membranes made of?

A

Phospholipids

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5
Q

What are EFA’s?

A

Essential fatty acids that the body needs but can’t synthesise

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6
Q

How are lipids used for waterproofing?

A

Waxy cuticles prevent excess evaporation from the surface of the leaf

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7
Q

Why are lipids used for buoyancy?

A

They can float on water, so they can maintain buoyancy in organisms

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8
Q

How are lipids used in hormone production?

A

Steroid hormones such as oestrogen needs lipids in its formation, as other substances like plant growth hormones

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9
Q

How are lipids used in thermal insulation?

A

Fat conducts heat very slowly so having a layer underneath the skin keeps metabolic heat on

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10
Q

What elements are lipids made up of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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11
Q

What is the most common type of lipids?

A

Triglyceride

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12
Q

What are the properties of fats (not lipid fats)

A

Solid at room temperature
Single carbon bonds
Saturated chains

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13
Q

What are the properties of oils?

A

Liquid at room temperature
Double carbon bonds
Unsaturated chains

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14
Q

What makes ups a triglyceride?

A

3 fatty acid chains
1 glycerol

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15
Q

what are the structures in a fatty acid chain

A

An acid group and a hydrocarbon chain

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16
Q

What is a saturated chain?

A

A hydrocarbon chain with only single carbon bonds

17
Q

What is an unsaturated chain?

A

A hydrocarbon chain with at least one double carbon bond

18
Q

How does a glycerol bond with the 3 fatty acids?

A

The glycerol and fatty acids go through a condensation reaction between the H of the glycerol and the fatty acids OH to make an ester bond

19
Q

Can the fatty acid tails be different?

A

Yes

20
Q

What makes up a phospholipid?

A

It has 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate ion

21
Q

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

The fatty acid tails

22
Q

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic and why?

A

The phosphate head because it is polar

23
Q

Why is part of the phospholipid hydrophobic and why?

A

The fatty acid tails is non-polar

24
Q

Why part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

The phosphate group is polar

25
Q

What happens to a phospholipid when it goes in water?

A

The phosphate group is soluble in water and the fatty acids stick out from the water

26
Q

What shapes do phospholipid groups make in water?

A

Micelle, a sphere with the phosphate head on the outside touching the water, and the fatty acids on the inside

A bilayer with the phosphate on the outside and the fatty acids on the inside. It is 2 phospholipid layers.

27
Q

What does cholesterol do in the cell membrane?

A

It stabilises the cell membranes fluidity and permeability

28
Q

What does cholesterol do with hormones synthesis?

A

It is the base of some hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone

29
Q

Is cholesterol polar?

A

No but the OH group on one of the rings is

30
Q

Can cholesterol based hormones pass through the cell membrane and why?

A

Yes, because it is non-polar

31
Q

What produces cholesterol?

A

The liver

32
Q

What is the plant version of cholesterols?

A

Stigmasterol

Biology 2 (31 decks)

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