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Biology 2 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

Store and supply energy and can be used in structures

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2
Q

What is the general formula of a carbohydrate?

A

Cx (H2O)y

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3
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

This is a single sugar unit that can bond with others to become a polymer

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4
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

When 2 monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond through a condensation reaction

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5
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

When 3 or more monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond

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6
Q

How many Carbon atoms in a triose?

A

3

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7
Q

How many Carbon atoms in a pentose?

A

5

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8
Q

How many Carbon atoms in a hexose?

A

6

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9
Q

Give an example of a triose

A

Glyceraldehyde

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10
Q

Give an example of a pentose

A

Deoxyribose and Ribose

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11
Q

Give an example of a hexose

A

Glucose and galactose

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12
Q

What is the general formula of triose?

A

C3 H6 O3

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13
Q

What is the general formula for a pentose?

A

C5 H10 05

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14
Q

What is the general formula for hexose?

A

C6 H12 06

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15
Q

What is a monosaccharide structure/features?

A

All white. crystalline solids which dissolve in water to give sweet tasting solutions
They are soluble in polar solvent
They are used for immediate energy, mainly hexose because of their large number of C-H bonds
Building blocks for larger molecule

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16
Q

What is a disaccharide structure/functions?

A

All white. crystalline solids which dissolve in water to give sweet tasting solutions
They are soluble in polar solvent
They are used for immediate energy, mainly hexose because of their large number of C-H bonds
Building blocks for larger molecule

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17
Q

What makes up a maltose?

A

2 alpha glucose

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18
Q

What makes up a sucrose?

A

1 alpha glucose and fructose

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19
Q

What makes up a lactose?

A

1 alpha glucose and 1 galactose

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20
Q

What makes up a cellulose?

A

2 beta glucose

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21
Q

What type of sugar is ribose and its formula?

A

It is a pentose with a formula of C5 H10 O5

22
Q

What is the function of ribose?

A

Component of ribonucleic acid(RNA), ATP and NAD

23
Q

What type of sugar is deoxyribose and its formula?

A

It is a pentose with a formula of C5 H10 O4

24
Q

What is the function of deoxyribose?

A

Component of deoxyribonucleic acid

25
Q

What type of sugar is glucose and its formula?

A

It is a hexose with a formula of C6 H12 O6

26
Q

What is the function of alpha glucose?

A

It is an energy source used to create glycogen and starch for energy stores

27
Q

What is the function of beta glucose?

A

It is an energy source used to create cellulose and provides structural support in plant cell walls

28
Q

What is the structure of cellulose?

A

It is a polymer of beta glucose.
Each monomer is inverted by 180 degrees.
It has H bonds between the different levels.
It is fibrous and insoluble.
It is a large molecule.

29
Q

What is the structure of amylose?

A

It is a polymer of alpha glucose with 1-4 glycosidic bonds, and is spiralled because of the H bonds between the different monomers holding its coiled structure and it is not branched.

30
Q

What is the structure of amylopectin?

A

It is a polymer of alpha glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, and is slightly coiled because of the H bonds between the different monomers. It is branched and insoluble.

31
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A
  • It is a polymer of alpha glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds.
  • It is spiralled because of the H bonds between the different monomers.
  • It is branched because of the 1-6 bonds and is insoluble.
32
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

It forms the cell wall in plants, so it keeps the cell stable, its shape and its structure

33
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

It is for energy storage in animals

34
Q

What is the function of amylose?

A

It is a energy store in plants makes up starch

35
Q

What is the function of amylopectin?

A

It is a energy store in plants starch

36
Q

Where is amylopectin found?

A

In a plant in starch granules in a cell

37
Q

Where is amylose found?

A

In a plant in starch granules in a cell

38
Q

Where is glycogen found?

A

In animals in the muscle and liver cells

39
Q

Where is cellulose found?

A

In a plant cell wall

40
Q

What is a homopolysaccharides?

A

A polymer with only 1 monomer like starch

41
Q

What is a heteropolysaccharides?

A

A polymer with more than 1 monomer like hyaluronic acid

42
Q

Is glycogen coiled?

A

Slightly

43
Q

Is amylose coiled?

A

Yes

44
Q

Is amylopectin coiled?

A

Yes——-

45
Q

Is glycogen branched?

A

Yes more than amylopectin as the body needs more energy quickly than a plant

46
Q

Is amylose branched?

A

No

47
Q

How are starch and glycogen stored?

A

Granules

48
Q

Is amylopectin branched?

A

Yes not as much as glycogen though

49
Q

Why are storage molecules branched?

A

To allow for more surface area for the enzymes to hydrolyse providing more energy to the body of the plant or animal and they are more compact so they can be stored easier

50
Q

How does cellulose being a large molecule help in its function?

A

It won’t leave the cell through the cell surface membrane

Biology 2 (31 decks)

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