special topics: counseling, medical, cranofacial &geneticsz. medically fragile

Question 1

hard palate fusion

Answer 1

in utero between the developmental ages of 8-9 weeks gestation

Question 2

williams syndrome

Answer 2

rare genetic disorder impacting 1/20,000,
caused by abnormality on C7,
including gene that makes protein elastic,

Question 3

williams syndrome characteristics

Answer 3

small for age, 
elfin-like appearance characterized by: 
small chin, 
turned-up nose, 
puffiness around the eyes, 
long upper lip, 
wide mouth, 
with small, widely-spaced teeth

Question 4

williams syndrome intervention goal

Answer 4

increasing overall expressive & receptive language

bc 50-70 IQ

Question 5

submucous or

occult cleft palate

Answer 5

surface tissues of soft or hard palate fuse

but underlying muscle or bone do not

Question 6

client-centered counseling approach

Answer 6

respond with acceptance & empathetic listening

to both the content & the feeling of what the client is saying

Question 7

PET scan

Answer 7

(positron emission tomography) 
uses emission-computed tomography 
that allows imaging of metabolic activity 
through measurements of radioactivity 
in the section of the body being viewed

Question 8

von Langenbeck surgical method

Answer 8

surgical method of cleft palate repair,
involves raising 2 bipedicled flaps of mucoperiosteum,
bringing them back together,
& attaching them to close the cleft

Question 9

hurlers syndrome

Answer 9

caused by autosomal recessive deficiency of X-L iduronidase

Question 10

oral manometry

Answer 10

obtains a ratio by comparing pressures achieved in the nostrils-occluded & the nostrils-open conditions,
ratio below .89 is especially indicative or problems,
needs referral for possible further surgery or pharyngeal flap

Question 11

eustachian tube dysfunction

Answer 11

related to the lack of contraction of the
tensor veli palatini muscle
in cleft palates

Question 12

HIV & AIDS

Answer 12

use universal precautions,
almost always attacks nervous system,
almost 100% of manifestations are at the level of the head & neck

Question 13

adult AIDS

Answer 13

experience auditory dysfunction
which can stem from opportunistic infections
as well as drug treatments that are potentially ototoxic

Question 14

childhood AIDS

Answer 14

may manifest language delays,
elective mutism,
& hysterical aphonia

Question 15

moebius syndrome

Answer 15

delayed language, 
articulation disorder, 
bilabial paresis 
& weak tongue control for 
lateralization, elevation, depression, & protrusion, 
mask-like face, 
history of feeding problems, 
uni/bilateral paralysis of the abductors of the eye

Question 16

nasopharyngoscopy

Answer 16

passes through the middle meatus & back area of velopharyngeal closure,
enables observation of:
the posterior & lateral pharyngeal walls,
as well as the nasal aspects of velum & the adenoid pad
while sentences are produced

Question 17

CAT scan

Answer 17

(computerized axial tomography)
radiographic imaging procedure
where x-rays beams circle through segments of the brain
& pass through tissue,
camera takes pics of sections of the structure,
scanner detects density differences,
computer analyzes images generated by scan
& produce pics of the scanned structures,
can be used to diagnose neuropathology associated with strokes

Question 18

counseling approaches

Answer 18

client-centered, 
behavioral, 
cognitive-behavioral, 
psychodynamic, 
eclectic

Question 19

embryonic growth

Answer 19

4. stomodeum
5. frontonasal process
6. maxillary processes
7. upper lip & primary palate
8. mandibular processes

Question 20

surgical management for clefts

Answer 20

primary, 
secondary, 
lip surgery, 
palatal surgery, 
V-Y retro position, 
von Langenbeck, 
delayed hard palate closure, 
pharyngeal flap, 
pharyngoplasty

Question 21

premature birth issues

Answer 21

feeding & oral motor development,
hearing convo & aural habilitation,
infant development & behavior,
caregiver-child communication

Question 22

counseling special issues

Answer 22

culture, 
gender, 
ages, 
time, 
emotional reactions, 
defense mechanisms

Question 23

medical interdisciplinary teams

Answer 23

medical interdisciplinary teams dieticians, 
infectious disease specialists, 
neurosurgeons, 
nurses, 
OTs, 
ENTs, 
head or neck surgeons, 
pediatricians, 
pharmacists, 
PTs, 
plastic surgeons, 
prosthodontists, 
psychiatrists, 
pulmonary specialists, 
radiologists, 
social workers

Question 24

infectious disease

Answer 24

can be transmitted through bodily fluids of: 
blood, 
cerumen, 
mucous, 
saliva

Question 25

imaging techniques

Answer 25

computerized axial tomography, 
electroencephalography, 
fluoroscopy, 
magnetic resonance imaging, 
positron emission tomography