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maggie praxis 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sternocledomastoid

A

Muscle of respiration, elevates the sternum

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2
Q

Muscle which opposes velopharyngeal closure

A

palatoglossus

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3
Q

Major acoustic characteristic of voiceless fricatives

A

aperiodicity

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4
Q

Front vowels characterized by

A

High frequency second formant (F2)

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5
Q

Technique which results in temporary facilitation of swallow reflex

A

Thermal stimulation??

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6
Q

Stroboscopy

A

effective instrument for viewing the vocal folds (VFs)

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7
Q

Bulbar palsy characterized by

A

Flaccid paralysis

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8
Q

Independent variable

A

manipulated to determine its effect on the dependent variable

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9
Q

Within-subjects design

A

dependent variables are measured repeatedly in the same subjects under different tasks/conditions

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10
Q

between-subjects design

A

each participant participates in one and only one group. The results from each group are then compared to each other to examine differences, and thus, effect of the IV. For example, in a study examining the effect of Bayer aspirin vs Tylenol on headaches, we can have 2 groups (those getting Bayer and those getting Tylenol). Participants get either Bayer OR Tylenol, but they do NOT get both

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11
Q

Multiple baseline design

A

The multiple baseline design allows for evaluation across clients, situations, or problems. It is a true experimental design in that it allows for causal inference. It is extremely useful for evaluating situations where an intervention would be likely to bring about enduring changes in the dependent variable

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12
Q

Flaccid paralysis of soft palate remediated by

A

palatal lift appliance to compensation for intact but non-functioning palate

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13
Q

1st choice of tx for submucous cleft

A

surgery

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14
Q

1st choce for congenitally short palate

A

surgery

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15
Q

Best way to assess swallow (prior to providing speech tx)

A

modified barium swallow

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16
Q

ellipses

A

omission of words or other linguistic units b/c they’re unnecessary or contextually inferred. An ellipsis is a set of three periods ( . . . ) indicating an omission.

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17
Q

deixis

A

A word (such as this, that, these, those, now, then) that points to the time, place, or situation in which the speaker is speaking. Also known as deixis.

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18
Q

Leading causes of aphasia

A

CVA, TBI, seizures, tumors, neurodegenerative disorders (dementia & primary progressive aphasia)

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19
Q

Fluent aphasias

A

Wernicke’s, conduction, transcortical sensory, anomic

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20
Q

Anomic aphasia (location)

A

tempo-parietal, angular gyrus; second temporal gyrus

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21
Q

Anomic aphasia (characteristics)

A

fluent aphasia, good comprehension & repeition. Word-finding difficulties, decreased output of nouns. Possible alexia & agraphia.

22
Q

Conduction aphasia (location)

A

path between sensory and motor speech centers (arcuate fasciculus) or insula or deep to supermarginal gyrus

23
Q

Characteristics of conduction aphasia

A

Fluent aphasia. Preserved comprehension with impaired repetition and literal paraphasias.

24
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia location

A

Posterior parieto-temporal, sparing Wernicke’s area

25
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia characteristics

A

Fluent. Intact repetition, poor auditory comp, paraphasias

26
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia location

A

Posterior third of superior temporal gyrus

27
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia characteristics

A

Fluent but meaningless speech; severe auditory comprehension deficit; jargon, paraphasias, & neologisms; poor reading comprehension; writing deficits

28
Q

Nonfluent aphasias

A

Broca’s, transcortical motor, global aphasia, mixed nonfluent aphasia

29
Q

Global aphasia (common location of lesion)

A

Left MCA (entire perisylvian region)

30
Q

Global aphasia (characteristics)

A

Nonfluent aphasia. Ranges from mutism to total repetitive jargon or neologistic output (fluent but incomprehensible speech). Poor comprehension & repetition

31
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia location

A

frontal lobe; anterior and superior to Broca’s area

32
Q

Characteristics of transcortical motor aphasia

A

Nonfluent. Intact repetition; lack of spontaneous speech; short, telegraphic sentences; agrammatism & paraphasias.

33
Q

Broca’s aphasia location

A

Nonfluent. Lateral frontal, suprasylvian, pre-Rolandic, extending into adjacent subcortical periventricular white matter

34
Q

Standardized aphasia tests

A

Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE), Western Aphasia Battery (BAD), Minnesota Test of Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia (MTDDA), Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE), Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA), Aphasia Diagnostic Profiles (ADP)

35
Q

Broca’s aphasia characteristics

A

Agrammatism; effortful speech; short, telegraphic phrases; presence of apraxia; slow speech rate, lacking intonation; poor reading & writing ability; relatively good auditory comprehension

36
Q

Functional aphasia assessment tools

A

Functional Communication Profile (FCP), Communicative Abilities in Daily Living (CADL), Communicative Effectiveness Profile (CETI), ASHA Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults (ASHA-FACS

37
Q

Prognosis for tx of aphasia is better in patients who are:

A

younger & healthier; better educated & in verbally demanding occupations; whose lesions are smaller; who have no othermedical or behavioral disorders; who have good hearing acuity; who have less severe aphasia; whose tx is initiated soon after onset; whose family members are `involved

38
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Facilitates communication btw rt and lft hemispheres by connecting cortical areas of the 2 hemispheres

39
Q

Reliability

A

Results are replicable. If a test is reliable, it yields consistent results. Reliability is a prerequisite for measurement validity

40
Q

Split-half reliability

A

Test’s internal consistency. Scores from one half of the test should correlate with results from the other half the two halves give the same results

41
Q

Parallel-forms reliability

A

Administering parallel forms of the test to the same group of people.

42
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

Test’s stability over time. Administer the same test multiple times to the same group and the scores should be similar

43
Q

Rater reliability

A

Level of agreement among individuals rating a test. Intra-rater and Inter-rater

44
Q

Intra-rater reliability

A

Results are consistent with the same person rating the test more than once

45
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

Results are consistent with more than one person rating the test.

46
Q

Validity

A

Validity A test is valid when it measures what it’s supposed to

47
Q

Face validity

A

It appears to measure what it’s supposed to measure

48
Q

Content validity

A

Tests contents are representative of the skill being assessed

49
Q

Construct validity

A

Test measures theoretical construct which explains the behavior

50
Q

criterion validity

A

Use external criteria- concurrent or predictive validity

51
Q

Predictive validity

A

Test’s ability to predict performance (ex: GRE)

praxis (20 decks)

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