praxis audiology Flashcards
acoustic neuroma
tumor on acoustic nerve: normal ability to detect pure tones, normal speech recognition in a quiet room, unilateral facial tingling & ringing, slight dizziness, mild balance problems
carharts notch
reflects specific loss at 2000 Hz
as indicated by bone-conduction testing,
often reflected in otosclerosis audiogram
conductive hearing loss
outer or middle ear malfunctions
CN VIII
vestibular & auditory-acoustic branches,
carries electrical sound impulses from the cochlea to the brain
presbycusis
hearing impairment in older people,
resulting in a sloping, high-frequency loss
menieres
causes sensorineural hearing loss,
accompanied by vertigo & tinnitus
signal to noise ratio
separating
signal of interest (speech)
from background noise
homophenous pairs
visible labials that look the same & may be confusing
“man-ban”
tensor palatini
exerts the pull that allows the eustachian tube to open
during yawning & swallowing
cleft palate hearing problems
frequently eustachian tube dysfunction
bc of oral-facial anomalies
SRTs
(speech reception thresholds)
lowest level of hearing
at which a person can understand
50% of words presented
aural/oral method emphasizes
making use of residual hearing through amplification,
& helping learn to communicate to be comfortable in mainstream settings with hearing people
deaf speech characteristics
omission of /s/ in all word positions, cons cluster reduction, occasional irrelevance of speech including non sequiturs, improper stress patterns including excessive pitch inflections
outer ear
auricle/pinna
& external auditory canal
middle ear
air-filled cavity,
separated from outer ear by tympanic membrane,
contains ossicular chain,
eustachian tube connects to nasopharynx
hearing loss
normal: 15
mild: 16-40
mod: 41-55
mod-severe: 56-70
severe: 71-90
profound: 90+
communication training
approach emphasis
verbal (total communication & aural/oral approach) or nonverbal (sign language)
communication training
auditory training,
speech reading,
cued speech,
training in subsystems
reflexive response techniques
used to assess infants & children with hearing loss
aural rehab
implemented by team
to help people with HL achieve their full potential
HL severity
depends on age of onset,
& degree of the loss,
communication disorders may manifest in 1+ subsystems
retrocochlear damage
employs electrophysiological audiometry & medical imaging,
damage usually caused by tumors
which can grow slowly
& make diagnosis challenging
acoustic immitance testing
involving tympanometry or acoustic reflex testing,
used to assess middle ear function
hearing impairment assessment procedures
depends on nature of the problem,
pure-tone & speech audiometry
carried out through air- or bone-conduction testing
auditory nervous system impairments
manifested by central auditory & retrocochlear disorders,
challenging to assess
oral training
language stimulation programs teaching successful expression,
functional words, structures & concepts, pragmatic skills,
important to use visual cues
auditory training
teach person to listen to amplified sounds,
recognize their meanings,
& discriminate sounds from each other
hearing aid types
eyeglass variety, body aids, BTE, in the canal, completely in the canal, in the ear, disposable
severe hearing loss
difficulty understanding even loud & amplified speech,
significant difficulty in learning & producing intelligible oral language
sensorineural hearing loss
inner ear malfunction,
damage to hair cells of the cochlea
or acoustic nerve
inner ear
most complex,
oval window in temporal bone,
vestibular system contains semicircular canals,
cochlea filled with endolymph,
basilar membrane floor contains organ of corti
