Articulatory-Phonological Development & SSDs

Question 1

Oller’s stages of

prelinguistic, nonreflexive vocalizations

Answer 1

1. phonation (0-1)
2. cooing/gooing (2-4)
3. expansion (4-6)
4. canonical/redup babbling (6-8)
5. variegated/non-redup (8-12)

Question 2

phonetic placement

Answer 2

teaches or establishes production of a phoneme in isolation,
used when client cant imitate modeled production,
uses combo of verbal instructions & physical guidance

Question 3

McDonald’s

sensory-motor approach

Answer 3

artic therapy approach,
emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production,
heavily utilizes the concept of phonetic environment

Question 4

phonological processes

disappearing by 3

Answer 4

1. reduplication
2. weak/unstressed syllable deletion
3. assimilation
4. prevocalic voicing
5. velar fronting
6. final cons deletion
7. diminutization

Question 5

phonological processes

persisting after 3

Answer 5

1. final cons devoicing
2. cluster reduc
3. stopping
4. epenthesis
5. gliding
6. depalatization
7. vocalization

Question 6

distinctive feature approach

Answer 6

find underlying patterns & train 1+ sounds in those patterns in hopes that generalization will occur,
uses minimal pairs

Question 7

Hodson & Paden’s

cycles approach

Answer 7

introduce correct patterns,
give limited practice,
move on to other error patterns

Question 8

Van Riper’s approach

Answer 8

focuses on phonetic placement,
auditory discrimination/perceptual training,
drill-like repetition & practice
at increasingly complex motor levels
until target phonemes produced correctly in spontaneous convo

Question 9

metaphon therapy

Answer 9

designed to enhance metaphonological skills,
used with preschoolers who have mod-severe phonological disorders,
focuses on feature differences to help develop awareness that sounds can be classified by characteristics (place, duration, etc)

Question 10

motor approaches

Answer 10

focus on remediating motor difficulties & faulty perceptual abilities,
appropriate for several discrete sounds in an error
with physical production difficulties,
includes Van Riper & McDonald approaches

Question 11

linguistic approaches

Answer 11

attempt to establish phonological rules
& treat underlying patterns or rules
vs discrete phonemes,
appropriate for high unintelligibly children
with assumed differing underlying phonological systems,
includes distinctive features, contrast, & phonological process (Hodson & Paden) approaches,
& metaphon & phonological awareness therapy