Physiological & Acoustic Phonetics

Question 1

coarticulation

Answer 1

the influence of 1 phoneme upon another in production & perception wherein 2 different articulators move simultaneously to produce 2 different speech sounds

Question 2

mass & elasticity

Answer 2

properties of a medium

affecting sound transmission

Question 3

sinusoidal wave

Answer 3

sound wave with:
horizontal & vertical symmetry, 
1 peak/crest & 1 valley/trough, 
single frequency, 
& result of simple harmonic motion

Question 4

natural frequency

Answer 4

source of sound vibrates naturally,

affected by the mass & stiffness of vibrating body

Question 5

octave

Answer 5

an indication of the interval between 2 frequencies

Question 6

oscillation

Answer 6

back-&-forth movement of air molecules

bc of a vibrating object

Question 7

fundamental frequency

or first harmonic

Answer 7

lowest frequency of a periodic wave

Question 8

F1 variation

Answer 8

mostly as a result of tongue height

Question 9

F2 variation

Answer 9

mostly as a result of tongue advancement

Question 10

harmonics

Answer 10

tones that occur over the F0,
characterized as whole-# multiples of F0,
in a periodic complex sound

Question 11

syllables

Answer 11

motor units

composed of onset, nucleus, & coda

Question 12

suprasegmentals

Answer 12

gives running speech variety & meaning: 
length of sounds, 
stress, 
rate of speech, 
pitch, 
volume, 
juncture

Question 13

acoustics

Answer 13

study of sound as a physical phenomenon

Question 14

psychoacoustics

Answer 14

study of how humans respond

to sound as a physical phenomenon

Question 15

sound

Answer 15

physically a compressional wave that causes a sensation,
exists as both a physical phenomenon & perceptual experience,
result of vibrations of an elastic object
propagated through waves of disturbances in molecules

Question 16

pure tones

Answer 16

contain a single frequency,

result of simple harmonic motion

Question 17

pitch

Answer 17

perceptual,
related to physical changes in frequency,
measured by # or cycles per second (Hz),
normal frequency range: 20-20,000 Hz

Question 18

loudness

Answer 18

perceptual, 
related to physical amplitude 
(measured in dynes or newtons) 
or intensity 
(expressed in terms of decibels 
at a certain sound pressure level)

Question 19

decibel

Answer 19

1/10 of a bel

Question 20

hearing level

Answer 20

minimum intensity of sound needed to stimulate auditory system,
normal conversational intensity: 50-70 dB SPL