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AnaPhy (Midterms) > Special senses Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Special senses Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

general senses of touch (3)

A

Temperature
Pressure
Pain

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2
Q

Special senses (5)

A

Smell
Taste
Sight
Hearing
Equilibrium

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3
Q

___ percent of all sensory receptors are
in the ___

A

70; eyes

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4
Q

Protection for the eye (2)

A

 Most of the eye is enclosed in a bony orbit
A cushion of fat surrounds most of the eye

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5
Q

Accessory Structures of the Eye (9)

A

eyelids
eyelash
meibomian glands
ciliary glands
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal gland and canals)
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct

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6
Q

modified sebaceous
glands produce an oily secretion to lubricate
the eye

A

meibomian glands

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7
Q

– modified sweat glands
between the eyelashes

A

Ciliary glands

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8
Q

Membrane that
lines the eyelids; Connects to the surface of the eye; Secretes mucus
to lubricate the eye

A

conjunctiva

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9
Q

produces lacrimal fluid

A

Lacrimal gland –

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10
Q

drains lacrimal fluid from eyes

A

lacrimal canals

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11
Q

provides passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity

A

lacrimal sac

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12
Q

empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

Function of the Lacrimal Apparatus

A

Protects, moistens, and lubricates the
eye
 Empties into the nasal cavity

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14
Q

Properties of lacrimal fluid

A

Dilute salt solution (tears)
Contains antibodies and lysozyme

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15
Q

Muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye

A

Extrinsic (External) Eye Muscles

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16
Q

Produce gross eye movements and make it
possible to follow moving objects

A

Extrinsic (External) Eye Muscles

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17
Q

the ____is composed of three tunics – coats
while the interior is filled with fluids called ___

A

eye wall; humors

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18
Q

three tunics:

outside layer - __
middle layer - __
inside layer - ____

A

outside= fibrous tunic (sclera)
middle= choroid
inside= sensory tunic

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19
Q

fibrous tunic (2)

A

sclera
cornea

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20
Q

White connective tissue layer
Seen anteriorly as the “white of the eye”

A

Sclera

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21
Q

Transparent, central anterior portion; Allows for light to pass through; Repairs itself easily

A

cornea

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22
Q

The only human tissue that can be transplanted
without fear of rejection – no blood vessels

A

cornea

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23
Q

Blood-rich nutritive tunic; Dark pigment prevents light from scattering
inside the eye

A

Choroid Layer

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24
Q

the choroid layer is Modified interiorly into two structures

A

ciliary body
iris

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25
Q

– smooth muscle to which the lends
is attached

A

Ciliary body

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26
Q

Pigmented layer that gives eye color

A

Iris

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27
Q

– rounded opening in the iris for light to
enter

A

Pupil

28
Q

Contains receptor cells (photoreceptors)

A

Sensory Tunic (Retina)

29
Q

photoreceptors in retina

A

rods
cone

30
Q

signals pass from photoreceptors via a two-neuron chain

A

bipolar neurons
ganglion cells

31
Q

Signals leave the retina toward the brain
through the ___

A

optic nerve

32
Q

 Most are found towards the edges of the
retina; Allow dim light vision and peripheral vision; Perception is all in gray tone

A

Rods

33
Q

Allow for detailed color vision in bright light
Densest in the center of the retina

A

cones

34
Q

– area of the retina with only cones– lateral to each blind spot

A

Fovea centralis

35
Q

No photoreceptor cells are at the __ or ___ – where the optic
nerve leaves the eyebal

A

optic
disk, or blind spot

36
Q

three types of
cones and their wavelengths

A

blue cones- 420 mm
green cones 530 mm
red cones 560

37
Q

is the result
of lack of one cone type

A

Color blindness

38
Q

Impulses received at the
same time are interpreted
as __

A

intermediate colors

39
Q

Biconvex crystal-like structure; Held in place by a suspensory ligament
attached to the ciliary body

A

lens

40
Q

Internal Eye Chamber Fluid

A

Aqueous humor
Vitreous humor

41
Q

Watery fluid found in chamber between the
lens and cornea; Similar to blood plasma

A

Aqueous humor

42
Q

Helps maintain intraocular pressure; provides nutrients for the lens and cornea

A

aqueous humor

43
Q

aqueous humor is Reabsorbed into venous blood through the
____

A

canal of Schlemm

44
Q

Gel-like substance behind the lens; Keeps the eye from collapsing inward by
reinforcing it internally; Lasts a lifetime and is not replaced

A

Vitreous humor

45
Q

form when the
lens becomes increasingly
hard and opaque over time
requiring a transplant or
special glasses

A

Cataracts

46
Q

___results when the drainage of
aqueous humor is blocked and pressure
within the eye increases dramatically and
compresses the delicate retina and optic
nerve causing pain and blindness

A

Glaucoma

47
Q

Light must be focused
to a point on the ___
for optimal vision –
done by the ___

A

retina; lens

48
Q

The resting eye is set
for distance vision
(over ___ ft away)

A

20

49
Q

The lens must change
shape to focus for
closer objects –
____

A

accommodation

50
Q

Images Formed on the Retina

A

real; reversed left to right; upside down

51
Q

Optic nerve crosses
at the ____
to the opposite side

A

optic chiasma

52
Q

Visual pathway:

Fiber tracts that
result are the ___

A

optic tracts

53
Q

____ contains fibers
from the lateral side of the
eye on the same side and
the medial side of the
opposite eye

A

Optic tracts

54
Q

The optic tract fibers
synapse with neurons in
the thalamus, whose axons
form ___

A

optic radiation

55
Q

eye reflexes:

____muscles are controlled by the
autonomic nervous system

A

Internal

56
Q

Bright light causes pupils to constrict through
action of radial and ciliary muscles –

A

photopupillary reflex

57
Q

Viewing close objects causes accommodation
– ___

A

accommodation pupillary reflex

58
Q

eye reflex:

__muscles control eye movement to
follow objects

A

External

59
Q

Viewing close objects causes ___
(eyes moving medially (toward nose))

A

convergence

60
Q

the ear houses two senses

A

Hearing
Equilibrium (balance)

61
Q

receptors in ear that respond to physical forces

A

mechanoreceptors

62
Q

The ear is divided into
three areas

A

Outer (external) ear
 Middle ear
 Inner (internal) ear

63
Q

__ and __ ear structures involved in
hearing only while ___ear functions in both
equilibrium and hearing

A

Outer and middle;
inner

64
Q

Structures of
the external ear

A

Pinna (auricle)- ear
external auditory canal

65
Q

Narrow chamber in the temporal bone
 Lined with skin

A

external auditory canal

66
Q

the external auditory canal have glands that secrete earwax (cerumen)

A

Ceruminous (wax) glands

67
Q

the external auditory canal Ends at the ___ where sound waves hit and
cause vibration

A

tympanic membrane
(eardrum)

AnaPhy (Midterms) (11 decks)

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