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AnaPhy (Midterms) > Nervous system Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Nervous system Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

functions of Cerebral Cortex (7)

A

responses (Speech, memory, logical and emotional),
consciousness, interpretation of sensation, and voluntary movement

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2
Q

two areas of cerebral cortex

A

Primary somatic sensory area;
Primary motor area,

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3
Q

is located in the
parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus

A

Primary somatic sensory area

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4
Q

Impulses traveling from the body’s
sensory receptors (except for the special
senses) are localized and interpreted in
this area of the brain.

A

Primary somatic sensory area

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5
Q

allows us to consciously move our skeletal
muscles,
 Located in the anterior to the central sulcus
in the frontal lobe

A

Primary motor area

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6
Q

The axons of these motor neurons form the
major voluntary motor tract—the ___ or ___,
which descends to the spinal cord

A

pyramidal tract, or corticospinal tract

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7
Q

 Also called the motor speech area; Helps us speak by sending the motor
signals that allow us to form words with
our mouths.

A

Broca’s area

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8
Q

____- found at the base of the precentral gyrus
(the gyrus anterior to the central sulcus

A

Broca’s area;

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9
Q

The ____ (anterior Part of the Frontal lobes) -
involved in higher intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behavior

A

Anterior association area

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10
Q

also house areas involved with language comprehension

A

Frontal lobes

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11
Q

Complex memories appear to be stored in the __and ___

A

temporal and frontal lobes.

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12
Q

____ area plays a role in recognizing patterns and faces,
and blending several different inputs into an understanding of the whole
situation.

A

Posterior Cortex

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13
Q

Within this area is the speech area, located at the junction of the temporal,
parietal, and occipital lobes.

A

Posterior Cortex

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14
Q

speech area allows you to sound out words; usually in only one cerebral hemisphere

A

Posterior Cortex

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15
Q

Cerebral areas involved in special senses (4)

A

Gustatory area (taste)
Visual area
Auditory area
Olfactory area

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16
Q

Outer layer of cerebrum;
Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies

A

 Gray matter

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17
Q

composed of fiber
tracts carrying
impulses to, from,
or within the cortex

A

Gray matter

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18
Q

example of white matter

A

corpus callosum

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19
Q

_____ connects
hemispheres. Such
fiber tracts are
called
____

A

corpus callosum; commissures

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20
Q

above
the structures of the brain stem and
allows the cerebral hemispheres to
communicate with one another

A

corpus callosum arches

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21
Q

____connect
areas within a hemisphere, and _____connect the
cerebrum with lower CNS centers,
such as the brain stem

A

Association fiber tracts;
projection fiber tracts

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22
Q

– internal
islands of gray matter

A

Basal nuclei

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23
Q

Regulates voluntary
motor activities by
modifying info sent to
the motor cortex

A

Basal nuclei

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24
Q

problems of basal nuclei

A

unable
to control muscles,
spastic, jerky

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25
Q

basal nuclei are involved in these diseases (2)

A

Huntington’s and
Parkinson’s

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26
Q

Sits on top of the brain stem
 Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres

A

Diencephalon

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27
Q

Diencephalon is made of three parts

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

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28
Q

Surrounds the third ventricle;
The relay station for sensory impulses

A

Thalamus

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29
Q

Transfers impulses to the correct part of
the cortex for localization and interpretation

A

Thalamus

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30
Q

Under the thalamus;
Important autonomic nervous system
center

A

Hypothalamus

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31
Q

Helps regulate body temperature;
Controls water balance;
Regulates metabolism

A

Hypothalamus

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32
Q

Hypothalamus is An important part of the ____
(emotions).

A

limbic system

33
Q

centers that are in the
hypothalamus (5)

A

thirst,
appetite,
sex,
pain, and pleasure

34
Q

The ___gland is attached to the
hypothalamus

A

pituitary

35
Q

____, reflex centers
involved in olfaction (the sense of smell), bulge
from the floor of the hypothalamus posterior to
the pituitary gland

A

mammillary bodies

36
Q

Forms the roof of the third ventricle

A

Epithalamus

37
Q

epothalamus Houses the ___ and Includes the ___

A

pineal body; choroid plexus

38
Q

– knots of
capillaries within each of the four ventricles
and along with the ependymal cells lining
the ventricles, form the cerebrospinal fluid.

A

choroid plexus

39
Q

about the size of a thumb in diameter and
approximately 3 inches
* Provides a pathway for ascending and
descending tracts; has many small gray matter areas

A

Brain Stem

40
Q

structures of brain stem (3)

A

midbrain, pons, and
medulla oblongata

41
Q

extends from the mammillary bodies to the pons inferiorly

A

Midbrain

42
Q

Midbrain is nComposed of primarily of two bulging fiber tracts, the
___

A

cerebral peduncles

43
Q

____, a tiny canal that travels through
the midbrain, connects the 3rd ventricle of the
diencephalon to the 4th ventricle

A

Cerebral aqueduct

44
Q

___- four rounded protrusions
located dorsally that serves as the reflex centers
involved with vision and hearing

A

Corpora quadrigemina

45
Q

The bulging center part of the brain stem;
mostly composed of fiber tracts

A

Pons

46
Q

Includes nuclei involved in the control of
breathing

A

Pons

47
Q

is the most inferior part of the brain stem.
* merges into the spinal cord

A

Medulla Oblongata

48
Q

Includes important fiber tract area.
* Includes area where the important pyramidal tracts
(motor fibers) cross over to the opposite side.

A

Medulla Oblongata

49
Q

centers that control heart rate, blood pressure,
breathing, swallowing, and vomiting, among others

A

Medulla Oblongata

50
Q

The _____ lies posterior to the pons and
medulla and anterior to the cerebellu

A

fourth ventricle

51
Q

diffuse mass of gray matter that extends to the entire
length of the brain stem that involves in motor control of
the visceral organ

A

Reticular Formation

52
Q

plays a role in consciousness and the
awake/sleep cycle

A

Reticular activating system (RAS)

53
Q

also acts as a filter for the flood of sensory inputs
that streams up the spinal cord and brain stem
daily

A

Reticular activating system (RAS)

54
Q

two hemispheres with convoluted surface that provides
the precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and
controls our balance

A

Cerebellum

55
Q

continuously comparing the brain’s “intentions” with
actual body performance by monitoring body position
and the amount of tension in various body parts.

A

Cerebellum

56
Q

When needed, the ____sends messages to
initiate the appropriate corrective measures

A

cerebellum

57
Q

Protection of the Central Nervous System (5)

A

Scalp and skin
Skull and vertebral column
Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid
Blood brain barrier

58
Q

parts of meninges (3)

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid layer
Pia mater

59
Q

 Double-layered external covering; Folds inward in several areas

A

Dura mater

60
Q

layers of dura mater (2)

A

periosteum
meningeal layer

61
Q

___– attached to surface of the skull
 ___ – outer covering of the
brain

A

Periosteum;
Meningeal layer

62
Q

 Middle layer
Web-like

A

Arachnoid layer

63
Q

 Internal layer
 Clings to the surface of the brain

A

Pia mater

64
Q

A watery “broth” with components similar to blood plasma, from which it forms; contains less protein and more vitamin C, and its ion composition is
different.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

65
Q

cerebrospinal fluid is formed by ____

A

choroid plexus

66
Q

Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain
 Circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central
canal of the spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

67
Q

Includes the least permeable capillaries
of the body; Excludes many potentially harmful
substances

A

Blood Brain Barrier

68
Q

Blood brain barrier is Useless against some substances (5)

A

Fats and fat soluble molecules
Respiratory gases
Alcohol
Nicotine
Anesthesia

69
Q

Traumatic Brain Injuries (3)

A

Concussion
Contusion
Cerebral edema

70
Q

Slight brain injury
 No permanent brain damage

A

Concussion

71
Q

 Nervous tissue destruction occurs
 Nervous tissue does not regenerate

A

Contusion

72
Q

Swelling from the inflammatory response
 May compress and kill brain tissue

A

Cerebral edema

73
Q

Commonly called a stroke; result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

74
Q

Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from
that blood source dies; Loss of some functions or death may
result

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

75
Q

examples of symptoms or conditions associated with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Hemiplegia ;
Aphasias;
Brain lesions

76
Q
  • a one-sided paralysis
A

Hemiplegia

77
Q
  • damage to the left cerebral
    hemisphere, where the language areas are
    located.
A

Aphasias

78
Q

____ - loss of the ability to speak
___-loses the ability to understand written or spoken language

A

Motor Aphasias;
sensory aphasia

79
Q

___ can also cause marked changes in a person’s disposition

A

Brain lesions

AnaPhy (Midterms) (11 decks)

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