Nervous system Pt. 2

Question 1

functions of Cerebral Cortex (7)

Answer 1

responses (Speech, memory, logical and emotional),
consciousness, interpretation of sensation, and voluntary movement

Question 2

two areas of cerebral cortex

Answer 2

Primary somatic sensory area;
Primary motor area,

Question 3

is located in the
parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus

Answer 3

Primary somatic sensory area

Question 4

Impulses traveling from the body’s
sensory receptors (except for the special
senses) are localized and interpreted in
this area of the brain.

Answer 4

Primary somatic sensory area

Question 5

allows us to consciously move our skeletal
muscles,
 Located in the anterior to the central sulcus
in the frontal lobe

Answer 5

Primary motor area

Question 6

The axons of these motor neurons form the
major voluntary motor tract—the ___ or ___,
which descends to the spinal cord

Answer 6

pyramidal tract, or corticospinal tract

Question 7

 Also called the motor speech area; Helps us speak by sending the motor
signals that allow us to form words with
our mouths.

Answer 7

Broca’s area

Question 8

____- found at the base of the precentral gyrus
(the gyrus anterior to the central sulcus

Answer 8

Broca’s area;

Question 9

The ____ (anterior Part of the Frontal lobes) -
involved in higher intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behavior

Answer 9

Anterior association area

Question 10

also house areas involved with language comprehension

Answer 10

Frontal lobes

Question 11

Complex memories appear to be stored in the __and ___

Answer 11

temporal and frontal lobes.

Question 12

____ area plays a role in recognizing patterns and faces,
and blending several different inputs into an understanding of the whole
situation.

Answer 12

Posterior Cortex

Question 13

Within this area is the speech area, located at the junction of the temporal,
parietal, and occipital lobes.

Answer 13

Posterior Cortex

Question 14

speech area allows you to sound out words; usually in only one cerebral hemisphere

Answer 14

Posterior Cortex

Question 15

Cerebral areas involved in special senses (4)

Answer 15

Gustatory area (taste)
Visual area
Auditory area
Olfactory area

Question 16

Outer layer of cerebrum;
Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies

Answer 16

 Gray matter

Question 17

composed of fiber
tracts carrying
impulses to, from,
or within the cortex

Answer 17

Gray matter

Question 18

example of white matter

Answer 18

corpus callosum

Question 19

_____ connects
hemispheres. Such
fiber tracts are
called
____

Answer 19

corpus callosum; commissures

Question 20

above
the structures of the brain stem and
allows the cerebral hemispheres to
communicate with one another

Answer 20

corpus callosum arches

Question 21

____connect
areas within a hemisphere, and _____connect the
cerebrum with lower CNS centers,
such as the brain stem

Answer 21

Association fiber tracts;
projection fiber tracts

Question 22

– internal
islands of gray matter

Answer 22

Basal nuclei

Question 23

Regulates voluntary
motor activities by
modifying info sent to
the motor cortex

Answer 23

Basal nuclei

Question 24

problems of basal nuclei

Answer 24

unable
to control muscles,
spastic, jerky

Question 25

basal nuclei are involved in these diseases (2)

Answer 25

Huntington’s and Parkinson’s

Question 26

Sits on top of the brain stem  Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 26

Diencephalon

Question 27

Diencephalon is made of three parts

Answer 27

Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus

Question 28

Surrounds the third ventricle; The relay station for sensory impulses

Answer 28

Thalamus

Question 29

Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

Answer 29

Thalamus

Question 30

Under the thalamus; Important autonomic nervous system center

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

Helps regulate body temperature; Controls water balance; Regulates metabolism

Answer 31

Hypothalamus

Question 32

Hypothalamus is An important part of the ____ (emotions).

Answer 32

limbic system

Question 33

centers that are in the hypothalamus (5)

Answer 33

thirst, appetite, sex, pain, and pleasure

Question 34

The ___gland is attached to the hypothalamus

Answer 34

pituitary

Question 35

____, reflex centers involved in olfaction (the sense of smell), bulge from the floor of the hypothalamus posterior to the pituitary gland

Answer 35

mammillary bodies

Question 36

Forms the roof of the third ventricle

Answer 36

Epithalamus

Question 37

epothalamus Houses the ___ and Includes the ___

Answer 37

pineal body; choroid plexus

Question 38

– knots of capillaries within each of the four ventricles and along with the ependymal cells lining the ventricles, form the cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 38

choroid plexus

Question 39

about the size of a thumb in diameter and approximately 3 inches * Provides a pathway for ascending and descending tracts; has many small gray matter areas

Answer 39

Brain Stem

Question 40

structures of brain stem (3)

Answer 40

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 41

extends from the mammillary bodies to the pons inferiorly

Answer 41

Midbrain

Question 42

Midbrain is nComposed of primarily of two bulging fiber tracts, the ___

Answer 42

cerebral peduncles

Question 43

____, a tiny canal that travels through the midbrain, connects the 3rd ventricle of the diencephalon to the 4th ventricle

Answer 43

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 44

___- four rounded protrusions located dorsally that serves as the reflex centers involved with vision and hearing

Answer 44

Corpora quadrigemina

Question 45

The bulging center part of the brain stem; mostly composed of fiber tracts

Answer 45

Pons

Question 46

Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

Answer 46

Pons

Question 47

is the most inferior part of the brain stem. * merges into the spinal cord

Answer 47

Medulla Oblongata

Question 48

Includes important fiber tract area. * Includes area where the important pyramidal tracts (motor fibers) cross over to the opposite side.

Answer 48

Medulla Oblongata

Question 49

centers that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting, among others

Answer 49

Medulla Oblongata

Question 50

The _____ lies posterior to the pons and medulla and anterior to the cerebellu

Answer 50

fourth ventricle

Question 51

diffuse mass of gray matter that extends to the entire length of the brain stem that involves in motor control of the visceral organ

Answer 51

Reticular Formation

Question 52

plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycle

Answer 52

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 53

also acts as a filter for the flood of sensory inputs that streams up the spinal cord and brain stem daily

Answer 53

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 54

two hemispheres with convoluted surface that provides the precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls our balance

Answer 54

Cerebellum

Question 55

continuously comparing the brain’s “intentions” with actual body performance by monitoring body position and the amount of tension in various body parts.

Answer 55

Cerebellum

Question 56

When needed, the ____sends messages to initiate the appropriate corrective measures

Answer 56

cerebellum

Question 57

Protection of the Central Nervous System (5)

Answer 57

Scalp and skin Skull and vertebral column Meninges Cerebrospinal fluid Blood brain barrier

Question 58

parts of meninges (3)

Answer 58

Dura mater Arachnoid layer Pia mater

Question 59

 Double-layered external covering; Folds inward in several areas

Answer 59

Dura mater

Question 60

layers of dura mater (2)

Answer 60

periosteum meningeal layer

Question 61

___– attached to surface of the skull  ___ – outer covering of the brain

Answer 61

Periosteum; Meningeal layer

Question 62

 Middle layer Web-like

Answer 62

Arachnoid layer

Question 63

 Internal layer  Clings to the surface of the brain

Answer 63

Pia mater

Question 64

A watery “broth” with components similar to blood plasma, from which it forms; contains less protein and more vitamin C, and its ion composition is different.

Answer 64

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 65

cerebrospinal fluid is formed by ____

Answer 65

choroid plexus

Question 66

Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain  Circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord

Answer 66

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 67

Includes the least permeable capillaries of the body; Excludes many potentially harmful substances

Answer 67

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 68

Blood brain barrier is Useless against some substances (5)

Answer 68

Fats and fat soluble molecules Respiratory gases Alcohol Nicotine Anesthesia

Question 69

Traumatic Brain Injuries (3)

Answer 69

Concussion Contusion Cerebral edema

Question 70

Slight brain injury  No permanent brain damage

Answer 70

Concussion

Question 71

 Nervous tissue destruction occurs  Nervous tissue does not regenerate

Answer 71

Contusion

Question 72

Swelling from the inflammatory response  May compress and kill brain tissue

Answer 72

Cerebral edema

Question 73

Commonly called a stroke; result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain

Answer 73

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Question 74

Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies; Loss of some functions or death may result

Answer 74

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Question 75

examples of symptoms or conditions associated with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 75

Hemiplegia ; Aphasias; Brain lesions

Question 76

- a one-sided paralysis

Answer 76

Hemiplegia

Question 77

- damage to the left cerebral hemisphere, where the language areas are located.

Answer 77

Aphasias

Question 78

____ - loss of the ability to speak ___-loses the ability to understand written or spoken language

Answer 78

Motor Aphasias; sensory aphasia

Question 79

___ can also cause marked changes in a person’s disposition

Answer 79

Brain lesions