Skeletal system Pt. 2 Flashcards
Three parts of Axial Skeleton
Skull
Vertebral column
Bony thorax
Two sets of bones in skull
Cranium
Facial bones
Skull Bones are joined by ___
sutures
Only the ____is attached by a
freely movable joint
mandible
Hollow portions of bones surrounding
the nasal cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Functions of paranasal sinuses (2)
-Lighten the skull
-Give resonance and amplification to voice
The only bone that
does not articulate
(move) with
another bone
Hyoid bone
Serves as a
moveable base for
the tongue
Hyoid bone
fibrous membranes
connecting the
cranial bones; allow brain to grow
Fontanelles
Fontanelles Convert to bone within __months
after birth
24
Vertebrae
separated by ___
intervertebral discs
Forms a cage to protect
major organs
Bony Thorax
Bony Thorax is Made-up of
three parts
Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
Appendicular Skeleton (3)
Limbs (appendages)
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle is Composed of two bones
Clavicle
Scapula
The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle :
___– collarbone
____– shoulder blade
Clavicle;
Scapula
These bones allow the upper limb to
have exceptionally free movement
The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
The arm is
formed by a
single bone called __
Humerus
forearm has two bones
- Ulna
- Radius
hand bones (3)
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
The Pelvic girdle is composed of three pair of fused bones:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubic bone
Hip bones
Pelvic girdle
The total weight of the upper body rests on the
___
pelvis
Pelvic girdle Protects several organs such as:
Reproductive organs
Urinary bladder
Part of the large intestine
The thigh has
one bone called ___
femur
leg has two bones:
Tibia
Fibula
Bones of the foot
Talus (ankle)
Metatarsals
Phalanges (toes)
Articulations of bones
joints
Functions of joints (2)
Hold bones together
Allow for mobility
joints are classified:
Functionally
Structurally
Functional Classification of Joints (3)
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
____– immovable joints
____– slightly moveable
joints
____– freely moveable joints
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
Structural Classification of Joints (3)
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
____=Generally immovable
____=Immovable or slightly moveable
____= Freely moveable
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
fibrous joints’ bones are united by ____(largely immovable or ____)
fibrous tissue ;
synarthosis
Cartilaginous Joints – mostly
____;
bones connected by ___
amphiarthrosis;
cartilage
Examples cartilaginous Joints
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral joints
Articulating bones are
separated by a joint cavity
Synovial joints
_____ is found in the
joint cavity
Synovial fluid
Features of Synovial Joints-Diarthroses:
- _____covers the ends of bones
- Joint surfaces are enclosed by a ___
- Have a joint cavity filled with ____
- ____reinforce the joint
Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage);
fibrous articular capsule;
synovial fluid;
Ligaments
Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint (2)
Bursae
Tendon sheath
– flattened fibrous sacs; Lined with synovial membranes; Filled with synovial fluid; Not actually part of the joint
Bursae
Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
Tendon sheath
Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape (6)
Plane Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot joint
Condyloid joint
Saddle joint
Ball-and-socket joint
Inflammatory Conditions
Associated with Joints (3)
Bursitis
Tendonitis
Arthritis
– inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
Bursitis
– inflammation of tendon sheaths
Tendonitis
– inflammatory or degenerative
diseases of joints
Arthritis
most widespread crippling disease in the United States; over 100 different types
Arthritis
Clinical Forms of Arthritis (2)
Osteoarthritis;
Rheumatoid arthritis
Most common chronic arthritis; Probably related to normal aging processes
Osteoarthritis
An autoimmune disease; Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of
certain joints; leads to deformities
Rheumatoid arthritis
