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Anatomy > Special senses: Pharynx & Larynx > Flashcards

Special senses: Pharynx & Larynx Flashcards

0
Q

Portion of the pharynx lie posterior to nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

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1
Q

Fibromuscular tube. Extends from the base of skull to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (at which point it becomes esophagus) Behind nasal cavity cavities, mouth & larynx. Funnel-shaped. Musculo membranous wall.

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

Portion of the pharynx lie posterior to oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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3
Q

Portion of the pharynx lie posterior to larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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4
Q

Continuous with nasal cavity, mouth, larynx and tympanic cavity.

A

Mucous membrane

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5
Q

LE of upper mucous membrane

A

Ciliated columnar

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6
Q

LE of lower mucous membrane

A

Stratified squamous

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7
Q

Thicker, stronger & connected to base of skull.

A

Fibrous layer above

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8
Q

Continuous with submucous coat of esophagus.

A

Fibrous layer below

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9
Q

The muscular wall of the pharynx are comprised of an outer layer made up to 3 circularly disposed muscles known as

A

Constrictors

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10
Q

Contract and pull post pharyngeal wall forward during swallowing aid soft plate in closing off nasopharynx. Origin is at medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament & mylohyoid bone. Insertion at upper is pharyngeal tubercle and at lower is median fibrous raphe.

A

Superior Constrictor Muscle

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11
Q

Superior Constrictor Muscle nerve supply

A

Pharyngeal plexus

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12
Q

Origin is at stylohyoid ligament lesser and greater cornua of hyoid. Insertion at median raphe.

A

Middle Constrictor Muscle

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13
Q

Roof is at soft palate & pharyngeal isthmus. Floor is at posterior 1/3 tongue and epiglottis, lingual tonsil, median glossoepiglottic fold, 2 lateral glossoepiglottic fold vallecula.

A

Oropharynx

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14
Q

Anterior wall of the oropharynx

A

Mouth & tongue

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15
Q

Posterior wall of oropharynx

A

C2 & C3

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16
Q

Lateral wall of the oropharynx

A

Palatoglossal, Palatopharyngeal arches/folds and Palatine tonsil “P3”

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17
Q

Upper epiglottis and cricoid. Pyriform fossa.

A

Laryngopharynx

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18
Q

Anterior to laryngopharynx

A

Inlet of pharynx

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19
Q

Posterior to Laryngopharynx

A

C3-C6

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20
Q

Lateral to laryngopharynx

A

Thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

Nerve supply of Pharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus CN 9 & 10

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22
Q

Motor innervation of pharynx

A

CN 10 & 11

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23
Q

Sensory innervation of pharynx

A

Maxillary nerve CN 9 & 10

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24
Q

Arterial supply of the Pharynx

A

Facial, Lingual, Ascending pharyngeal, Maxillary & Ascending palatine “FLAMA”

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25
Q

Venous supply of the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal venous plexus & IJV

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26
Q

Lymphatic supply of the Pharynx

A

Deep cervical/Paratracheal

27
Q

For swallowing, successive contraction of the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. Helps to propel the bolus of food down i to the esophagus.

A

Pharyngeal muscle

28
Q

Contracts and propels food bolus down into esophagus.

A

Middle Constrictor Muscle

29
Q

Nerve supply of the Middle Constrictor Muscle

A

Pharyngeal plexus

30
Q

Propel bolus of food into esophagus cricopharyngeus muscle to sphincteric effect. Origin is thyroid cartilage & cricoid cartilage. Insertion of superior fibers is at MCM & lower fibers to esophagus median fibrous raphe.

A

Inferior Constrictor Muscle

31
Q

Nerve supply of the Inferior Constrictor Muscle

A

Pharyngeal plexus

32
Q

Elevate larynx and pharynx during swallowing. Origin is styloid process and temporal bone. Insertion is between SCM & MCM.

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

33
Q

Nerve supply of Stylopharyngeus muscle

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

34
Q

Assists in elevating pharynx. Origin is at lower part, auditory tube. Insertion blends with palatopharyngeus.

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle

35
Q

Nerve supply of Salpingopharyngeus muscle

A

Pharyngeal plexus

36
Q

Takes origin from the soft palate and runs down the length of the pharynx. Intermingling with fibers of the stylopharyngeus below the inferior border of the superior constrictor.

A

Palatopharyngeus

37
Q

Roof is the body of sphenoid, pharyngeal tonsil & basilar part of occipital bone. Floor is at soft palate & pharyngeal isthmus. Anterior is post nasal apertures, posterior is anterior arch of atlas. Lateral is auditory tube, tubal elevation, salpingo fold and tubal tonsil.

A

Nasopharynx

38
Q

Pharyngeal muscle action: contraction of the ________________ of the pharynx helps to raise the pharynx, effectively aiding it in engulfing the bolus of food.

A

3 longitudinal muscle

39
Q

Pharyngeal muscle action: In swallowing, the lowest fiber of the _________ are thought to act as a sphincter, guarding the entrance to the esophagus and preventing the entry of air into the digestive system.

A

Inferior constrictor

40
Q

Motor innervation of the muscles of the Pharynx & Larynx

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

41
Q

Exception to CN XI motor innervation because this is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal muscle (CN IX). The only muscle innervated by this nerve.

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

42
Q

Sensory innervation of the Pharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

43
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the Pharynx

A

Vagus nerve

44
Q

The pharynx contains a _____ of specialized lymphatic tissue designed to prevent the entry of pathogens into the GI & Respi tract.

45
Q

Specialized lymphatic tissue that is organized in three groups.

46
Q

Special lymphatic tissue the is located in the nasal pharynx

A

Nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

47
Q

Special lymphatic tissue the is located in between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds in the oral pharynx

A

Palatine tonsil

48
Q

Special lymphatic tissue the is located on the posterior surface of the tongue

A

Lingual tonsil

49
Q

Apparatus made up of cartilage, ligaments, muscle & mucous membrane which guards the entrance to the lower respiratory passages and houses the vocal cords. For protection, respiration & phonation.

50
Q

Consists of epiglottis, AE folds, arytenoids and FVCs.

A

Supraglottis

51
Q

Consists of TVCs, ant & post commissure.

52
Q

Consists of lower limit of glottis to lower margin of cricoid.

A

Subglottis

53
Q

Laryngeal membranes: between arytenoids & epiglottis. Upper is AE folds & Lower is Vestibular fold.

A

Quadrangular membrane

54
Q

Laryngeal membranes: between thyroid & cricoid & arytenoid. Upper is vocal ligament.

A

Conus Elasticus

55
Q

Role in localization of laryngeal pathologies. Upper & lower parts of epiglottis, between superior surface of vocal fold & ventricle, between inferior face of vocal fold & lower larynx & lower trachea. Fragile in nature.

A

Laryngeal mucosa

56
Q

Nonvibratory mass complex

A

Vocalis muscle

57
Q

Regulation of vocal cord tension is accomplished primarily by pivoting the _________ forward or backward at the _________.

A

Thyroid cartilage. Cricothyroid joint.

58
Q

Vocal cords on each side are covered with a __________, so that when they are abducted, relatively little air can pass either between them or around them.

A

Mucous membrane

59
Q

Innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve, thyroartenoid vocalis, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid and intearytenoid. Innervated by superior laryngeal nerve cricothyroid.

A

Intrinsic muscle

60
Q

Muscles of the Quadrangular membrane

A

Thyroarytenoid, Aryepiglottic & Thyroepiglottic “TAT”

61
Q

Muscles of Conus Elasticus & Arytenoid

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid, Arytenoid & Lateral cricoarytenoid “PAL”

62
Q

Muscles primarily responsible for regulating the tension of the vocal cords.

A

Cricothyroid muscle

63
Q

Lie parallel and inferior to the vocal cords control fine adjustment of vocal cord tension.

A

Small Vocales muscle

64
Q

Is the only abductor of the vocal cords

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

65
Q

Major abductors of the vocal cords are

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid, Arytenoideus muscles & Thyroarytenoid “LAT”

66
Q

The muscles which are mainly responsible for the closing of the vestibule

A

Thyroepiglotticus, Aryepiglotticus & Thyroarytenoid

Anatomy (14 decks)

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